ASCP MLT BOC Immunohematology
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| show | First exposure to an antigen
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| How long is the lag phase for Primary Immune Response? | show 🗑
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| show | IgM at first. May switch to IgG after 2-3 weeks (isotype switching)
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| What is the titer reaction for Primary Immune Response? | show 🗑
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| show | The period of inactivity after exposure to an antigen before the body produces an immune response.
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| What stimulates the Secondary Immune Response? | show 🗑
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| How long is the lag phase for Secondary Immune Response? | show 🗑
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| What type of antibodies are associated with Secondary Immune Response? | show 🗑
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| What is the titer reaction for Secondary Immune Response? | show 🗑
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| show | Monomer and 2 binding sites
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| What is the optimum temperature of reactivity for IgG? | show 🗑
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| show | IgM
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| Which antibody (IgG or IgM) reacts best by the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT)? | show 🗑
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| What is the strength of complement fixation for IgG? | show 🗑
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| show | IgG
Not usually IgM, except ABO
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| Which antibody (IgG or IgM) crosses the placenta? | show 🗑
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| show | IgM
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| show | Pentamer and 10 binding sites
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| show | IgM is naturally occurring
IgG is Immune
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| What is the optimum temperature of reactivity for IgM? | show 🗑
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| What is the strength of complement fixation for IgM | show 🗑
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| show | Hemolysis and agglutination
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| show | pH 5.5-8.5
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| show | Low Ionic Strength Solution: lowers ionic stregth of suspending medium, allowing AG and AB to move closer together. Reduces incubation time to 10 minutes
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| show | Too much antibody, not enough antigen, can cause false-negative
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| What is 20-30% albumin used for? | show 🗑
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| What is zeta potential? | show 🗑
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| show | Polythyleneglycol: Increases antibody uptake. Used for the detection and ID of weak IgG antibodies
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| show | Reduces RBC surface charge by cleaving sialic acid molecules. M, N, S, Fya, and Fyb antigens are destroyed.
i.e. ficin, blomelin, and papain.
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| show | Antihuman Globulin: Used to agglutinate cells that are sensitized (have antibody or complement attached)
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| Polyspecific (broad spectrum) AHG | show 🗑
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| show | anti-IgG only: detects clinically significant antibodies
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| show | Direct Antiglobilin testing: Detects in-vivo sensitization of RBCs by IgG antibody
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| What is the preferred specimen for DAT? | show 🗑
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| show | IAT: Patient serum or plasma with reagent RBCs
or Patient RBCs with reagent antiserum
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| When is the DAT done? What is it's purpose? | show 🗑
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| show | Indirect Antiglobulin Testing: Detects in-vitro sensitization of RBCs by IgG antibody
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| show | Serum, plasma, RBCs
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| show | Antibody screen,
Crossmatch,
RBC phenotyping,
weak D testing
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| What is the A antigen's precursor and terminal sugar? | show 🗑
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| show | H substance and D-galactose
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| What is the frequency of ABO blood types in whites? | show 🗑
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| show | 49% O, 27% A, 20% B, 4% AB
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| show | 56% O, 28% A, 12% B, 4% AB
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| What is the frequency of ABO blood types in Asians? | show 🗑
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| What is the genotype of Rh positive bood? | show 🗑
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| What is the genotype of Rh negative blood? | show 🗑
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| show | Whites 85%
Blacks 93%
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| show | Dce
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| R1 | show 🗑
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| R2 | show 🗑
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| Rz | show 🗑
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| show | dce
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| show | dCe
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| r" | show 🗑
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| show | dCE
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| Most common Rh genes in Whites (in decending order) | show 🗑
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| Most common Rh genes in Blacks (in decending order) | show 🗑
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| Which blood antigens are uncommon in Whites? (<25%) | show 🗑
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| Which blood antigens are uncommon in Blacks? (<50%) | show 🗑
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| show | k, Fyb, s, U, I, Lub
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| show | k, Jka, s, U, I, P1
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| show | Much in Adult cells
Trace in cord
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| i antigen presence | show 🗑
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| show | ABO, Lewis, P1, MN, Lua
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| show | ABO, Rh Kell, Duffy, Kidd, SsU
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| Warm antibodies | show 🗑
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| show | M, N, P1
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| Antibodies that usually only react with AHG | show 🗑
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| Which antibody can react in any phase of testing? | show 🗑
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| Detection of antibody enhanced by enzyme treatment of test cells | show 🗑
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| Antibodies not detected with enzyme treatment of test cells | show 🗑
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| Which antibody is enhanced by acidification | show 🗑
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| show | Rh(not D), MNS, Duffy, Kidd
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| Which antibodies bind complement? | show 🗑
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| Which antibodies cause in vitro hemolysis? | show 🗑
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| Which antibodies are labile in vivo and in vitro? | show 🗑
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| show | deteriorates rapidly in storage
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| show | Kidd
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| Define anamnestic response | show 🗑
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| show | Anti-P
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| What is paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria PNH? | show 🗑
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| show | Anti-I
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| show | Anti-i
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| show | Suggestive of single antibody
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| show | Multiple antibodies, antibody exhibiting dosage, antigens of differing strength
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| show | Combination of warm and cold antibodies, antibody with wide thermal range
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| show | Multiple antibodies, antibody with high frequency antigen
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| show | Warm autoantibody
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| show | Rouleaux
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| show | 7 days following transfusion at 1-6°C
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| show | 3 days
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| What is an antiglobulin crossmatch? | show 🗑
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| show | Recipient serum and donor RBCs are tested in immediate spin only.
Permissible if recipient doesn't have, and has never had, clinically significant antibodies. Test of ABO compatibility.
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| show | Computer check of donor ABO and Rh type and recipient ABO and Rh type. Permissible if recipient doesn't have, and has never had, clinically significant antibodies.
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| What tests are done on newborns for transfusion? | show 🗑
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| show | 1-10°C, closure not broken, at least one segment left, unit inspected, records indicate blood has been reissued
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| show | Fever, chills, shock, renal failure, DIC, Pain in chest, back, or flank
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| Clinical signs of hemolytic (extravascular) txrxn | show 🗑
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| Clinical signs of febrile txrxn | show 🗑
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| show | Hives
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| show | Bronchospasms
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| Clinical signs of circulatory overload txrxn | show 🗑
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| show | Fever, cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, muscle pain, DIC, shock, renal failure
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| Specimens needed for a txrxn investigation | show 🗑
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| At what gestational age is RhIG administered? | show 🗑
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| How long postpartum is RhIG given to Rh negative women with Rh positive baby? | show 🗑
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| show | One dose per 15 ml of D postive fetal RBCs.
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| show | At least 17 yrs old
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| show | At least 110 lbs to donate 525 ml
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| show | Every 8 weeks
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| AABB blood pressure requirement | show 🗑
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| show | 50-100 with no pathological cardiac irregularities
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| AABB hemoglobin/hematocrit requirement | show 🗑
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| AABB body temp requirement | show 🗑
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| show | Apirin containing medicaitons if donor is sole source of plts
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| 2 week donor deferral (AABB) | show 🗑
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| show | Rubella vaccine
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| 6 week donor deferral(AABB) | show 🗑
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| 12 months donor deferral (AABB) | show 🗑
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| 3 year donor deferral (AABB) | show 🗑
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| show | Parenteral drug use, family history of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Treated with growth hormone, Viral hepatitis after 11th bday, Postive HBsAg, Repeatedly reactive anti-HBc, anti-HCV, anti-HTLV, or anti-HIV,Babesiosis, Chagas' disease
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| show | 63 ml
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| show | 450 +-45 ml
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| show | 300-404 ml; label "low volume unit" don't use to prepare platelets or plama components
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| show | When the blood volume is <300 ml
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| Time of collection for blood unit | show 🗑
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| show | 20-24°C for up to 8 hours if components are going to be prepared, otherwise 1-6°C
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| show | ACD anticoagulant
shelf life 21 days
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| Citrate-phosphate-dextrose | show 🗑
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| show | CPDA-1
shelf life 35 days
Adenine increases adenosine disphosphate ADP
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| show | AS-1 Additive
Shelf life 42 days
Provides nutrients for improved viability
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| Nutricel AS-2 | show 🗑
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| show | AS-3 additive
shelf life 42 days
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| Phosphate-inosine-pyruvate-adenine | show 🗑
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| show | ABO, Rh, AB Screen, RPR, HBsAg, Anti-HBc, Anti-HCV, Anti-Hiv 1/2, HIV-1-Ag, Anti-HTLV-1 and 2
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| Autologous donation frequency | show 🗑
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| Autologous donation Hgb requirement | show 🗑
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| show | 1-6°C and 35 days in CPDA-1, 42 days in AS-1
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| show | 40% glycerol: < or = -65°C
20% glycerol: < or = -120°C
1-6°C after glycerolization
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| show | 10 years after phlebotomy,
24 hours after deglycerization
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| Temperature and shelf life of washed RBCs | show 🗑
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| show | 1-6°C
Closed system:10 years
Open system: 24 hours
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| Temperature and shelf life of Rejuvinated RBCs | show 🗑
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| Temperature and shelf life of irradiated RBCs | show 🗑
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| show | < or = -18°, After thawing 1-6°C
12 months, After thawing transfuse within 24 hours
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| show | < or = -18°C, After thawing room temperature
12 months, After thawing transfuse within 6 hours if unit is not entered, within 4 hours in pooled
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| Temperature and shelf life of platelets | show 🗑
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| show | 20-24°C
24 hours
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| Increased in stored blood | show 🗑
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| Decreased in stored blood | show 🗑
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| show | Check RPM and timers quarterly
Determine optimum speed and time for procedures upon receipt, after repairs, and semiannually.
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| Cell washers QC | show 🗑
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| show | Check temperature daily
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| Heat blocks QC | show 🗑
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| Refrigerators QC | show 🗑
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| show | System to monitor temperature continuously and to record temperature at least every 4 hours. Alarm system with audible signal.
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| show | Check high and low temperatures of activation quarterly
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| show | System to monitor temperature continuously and to record temperature at least every 4 hours. Should be 20-24°C. Check RPM periodically.
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| show | Determine average delivery volume. Calculate # of drops that will give 80:1 serum to cell ratio
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| Antisera QC | show 🗑
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| show | Check for hemolysis. Test daily with pos and neg controls
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| AHG QC | show 🗑
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| show | 5 years or longer
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| When are washed RBCs needed? | show 🗑
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| When are leukocyte reduced RBCs needed? | show 🗑
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| show | Intrauterine transfusions, immunocompromised recipients, recipients of blood from a relative, or bone marrow transplant patients
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| When is FFP needed? | show 🗑
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| show | Hemophilia A, Von Willebrand's disease, hypofibrinogenemia, Factor XIII deficiency
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| When are platelets needed? | show 🗑
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| When are granulocytes needed? | show 🗑
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| How long after receiving a donation of blood products are patients deferred for donation? | show 🗑
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| show | Citrate, Dextrose, Adenine, Sodium biphosphate
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| Citrate purpose in CPDA-1 | show 🗑
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| show | Supports adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation
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| Adenine purpose in CPDA-1 | show 🗑
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| show | Prevents excessive fall in pH during storage
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| Blood product that must be separated from whole blood and frozen within 8 hours of collection | show 🗑
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| show | By thawing FFP between 1-6°C, removing plasma, and freezing within 1 hour.
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| RBCs must be frozen in: | show 🗑
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| show | 48 hours
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| Each unit of whold blood will yield approximately how many units of cryoprecipitated AHF? | show 🗑
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| show | 3.0 x 10"
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| show | L-fucose
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| Approximate % of original plasma content of Factor VIII recovered in Cryoprecipitated AHF | show 🗑
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| What is the formula to calculate fetomaternal hemorrhage for RhIg? | show 🗑
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| Liley method of predicting the severity of HDN is based on aminiotic fluid: | show 🗑
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