Anatomy
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| How many layers of cells in the Tri-lminar Embryo? | show 🗑
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| show | Outside the embryo
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| show | Inside the Mesoderm
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| show | Mesoderm
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| What innervates the spine and brain? | show 🗑
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| What is the Notocord? | show 🗑
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| show | Stimulated by Ectoderm to form the Neurotube to develop the spinal cord and brain
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| show | Notocord
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| How does a somite form? | show 🗑
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| The vertebral column is innervated by what? | show 🗑
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| How does Myotomes and Dermatones develop? | show 🗑
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| What innervates skeletal muscle? | show 🗑
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| What innervates skin/ | show 🗑
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| Sensory innervation of the skin is segmented into what? | show 🗑
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| What is a coronal plane? | show 🗑
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| What is a sagital plane? | show 🗑
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| What is another name for a transverse plane? | show 🗑
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| show | Dividing the body into horizontally into upper and lower portions
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| show | Dorsal
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| show | Anterior
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| show | Cranial
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| What is the correct term for the bottom of the body? | show 🗑
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| show | Lateral
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| What is the correct term for towards the body? | show 🗑
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| What is the correct term for between lateral and medial | show 🗑
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| show | Superficial
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| show | Deep
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| What term means close to the point of attachment? | show 🗑
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| What term means away from the point of attachement? | show 🗑
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| show | Concentric Action
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| What is Eccentric Action? | show 🗑
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| show | Isometric Action
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| show | Origin
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| What is a mobile attachement? | show 🗑
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| Flexion and extension occur in what plane? | show 🗑
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| What occurs in the transverse plane? | show 🗑
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| show | Coronal plane
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| What is special about the middle finger? | show 🗑
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| When you put your foot on the gas pedal its called? | show 🗑
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| show | Dorsi-flexion
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| show | Weight support, Erect posture, Bipedal locomotion, and enclose and protect the spinal cord and nerves
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| What do you find in the Vertebral Column? | show 🗑
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| What structures form the Interverebral Foramen? | show 🗑
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| show | Spinal nerves
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| show | Lamina and pedicle
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| What causes Spina Bifida? | show 🗑
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| show | Vertebra L4 or S1
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| show | 33
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| Name the vertebrae regions and how many regions in each? | show 🗑
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| show | Bifid spine, no body, transverse foramen,vertebral arteries travel to the brain via transverse foramen
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| What are the characteristics of the thoraic vertebrae? | show 🗑
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| show | No transverse coastal facets or demi-facets, and are large in size
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| show | Atlas
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| show | No body, it has an articulation for the dens, transverse foramen, allows you to nod your head
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| show | Axis
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| What are the characteristics of C2? | show 🗑
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| What is significant about the Sacral Hiatus? | show 🗑
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| What is the space between Dura Matter and the Vertebral Canal? | show 🗑
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| What happens to the Anesthesia once its injected? | show 🗑
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| Why is a Epidural Anesthesia given in the Sacral Hiatus? | show 🗑
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| Where does the spinal cord stop? | show 🗑
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| show | Below Vertebrae L2
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| How many curvatures does the spine have? | show 🗑
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| When does the primary curvature develop? What are they? | show 🗑
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| show | After a baby is born 3-12 months. Cervical and lumbar.
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| What is the significance of secondary curvature? | show 🗑
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| What is Kyphosis? What's another name for it? | show 🗑
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| show | Kyphosis
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| show | Exaggerated curvature of the lumbar region
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| What causes Lordosis? | show 🗑
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| What is Scoliosis? | show 🗑
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| show | Hemi-vertebra, short leg, polio, stroke, herniated disc, and Idiopathic
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| show | Posterior Longitudinal Ligament, Intervertebral Disc, Pedicle
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| What is the purpose of the Anterior and Posterior Longitudinal Ligament? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | the neck is hyperextended and a fracture of the cervical vertebrae occurs along with tearing of the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
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| show | Inside the vertebral canal, runs from lamina to lamina of adjacent vertebrae.
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| show | Interspinous Ligament and Supraspinous Ligament
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| What region of the vertebrae do you find Ligamentum Nuchae?? | show 🗑
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| show | Many muscles take its origin located in the neck and that's why it's so thick
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| show | Zygophyseal (synovial) joint and Interverbral disc (symphysis)
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| show | Bathed in synovial fluid
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| Flexion, Extension, Lateral bending, and rotation are limited in the vertebrae due to what? | show 🗑
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| show | where secondary curvatures become primary
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| show | Nucleus pulposus (outer ring) and Annulus Fibrosus (inner ring)
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| show | Notocord
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| show | Shrinkage due to loss of water and reduction of size of the the nucleus pulposus will put pressure of the spinal nerves and cause pain
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| How does a Herinated Disc occur? | show 🗑
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| Herinated discs occur where in the verterbral column? | show 🗑
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| What is another name for Vertebrae C7? | show 🗑
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| show | Transverse Process and Formen, no bifid spinious process
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| Where do you perform a spinal tap? And why? | show 🗑
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| What is located at S4? | show 🗑
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| show | Summit of Illiac crest
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| What is located at vertebrae S2 | show 🗑
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| show | Central Nervous System
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| show | Twelve
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| Cranial and Spinal Nerves are part of what? | show 🗑
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| Name the 5 types of vertebrae | show 🗑
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| Why are there 8 cervical spinal nerves but only 7 vertebrae? | show 🗑
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| show | Dendrites, the branches of the neuron (receptive sites), the Soma located in the middle and is the intergrator and receives input from the Dendrites, and the Axon (output) nerve fiber, Axon Hillock, same as Axon.
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| show | Synapse located at the end of the axon, is the communication transports between a neuron and other cells.
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| Name the parts of a Synapse | show 🗑
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| show | Synaptic vesicles are small balloons filled with neurotransmitters that can cause changes to the neuron when released
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| What are Presynaptic Membrane? | show 🗑
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| show | Neurotransmitter that is released into another muscle, gland, skin or neuron
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| What is Action Potential? | show 🗑
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| show | Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around axons and are found in the PNS and the brachial plexius.
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| What are Oligodendricytes and where are they located? | show 🗑
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| show | Insulate axons, Increase conduction velocity, impulse propagation is more energy efficent.
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| What are the characteristics of Schwann Cells? | show 🗑
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| What are the characteristics of Oligodenendrocytes? | show 🗑
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| show | CNS. Multiple dendrites, one axon, one motor neuron, innervates skeletal muscle.
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| Where do you find Bipolar: Special Sensory Neurons? What are the characteristics? | show 🗑
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| Where do you find Pseudo-Unipolar:General Sensory Neuron. Name the characteristics? | show 🗑
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| show | Epineurium: Surrounds the entire nerve, Perineurium: surrounds bundle of fibers. Endoneurium: surrounds each axon or fiber.
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| show | Schwann cells and connective tissue sheaths are important for the regeneration of damaged axons in the PNS. They guide the the growth cones from the axomal stump back to the target tissue. There are no connective tissue sheaths surrounding axons in CNS.
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| WHat is special about the PNS but not the CNS? | show 🗑
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| Name the parts of the Spinal Cord and their characteristics. | show 🗑
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| show | Ventral horn (Motor) and includes Multipolar Neurons. Dorsal Horn (Sensory)
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| In an adult, the spinal cord ends where? | show 🗑
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| What else is growing beyond the vertebrae L2? | show 🗑
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