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Chapter 18 part 2 Test

Enter the letter for the matching Definition
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1.
Deism
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2.
Salon Movement
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3.
Pugachev Rebellion
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4.
Madame de Staël
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5.
Social Contract, 1762
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6.
Checks and Balances
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7.
Silesia
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8.
Essay Concerning Human Understanding
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9.
Treaty of Paris
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10.
Methodism
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11.
Mary Wollstonecraft
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12.
"Noble Savage"
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13.
John Harrison, chronometer
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14.
Physiocrats
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15.
Baron Paul d'Holbach
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16.
Tabula Rasa
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17.
War of Austrian Succession
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18.
Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
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19.
Francois Quesnay
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20.
Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations
A.
(1759-1797) promoted political & educational equality for women
B.
(1763) Most important peace treaty of the 18th century and most important since the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) Prussia permanently retained Silesia France lost all its colonies in North America to Great Britain Britain gained more territory in India
C.
(1694-1774) Leader of the physiocrats in France who opposed mercantilist policies Sought to reform the existing agrarian system by instituting laissez faire in agriculture
D.
Women played a major role in this. Many of the brightest minds of the Enlightenment assembled in _____ to discuss the major issues of the day Certain women organized ____ and took part in the discussions
E.
France and Austria, traditional enemies, now allied against Prussia Bloodiest war in Europe since the Thirty Years’ War of the 17th century.
F.
(1723-89) System of Nature Argued humans were essentially like machines, completely determined by outside forces (determinism). His staunch atheism, determinism and attacks on Christianity undermined the Enlightenment
G.
Religious arm of the Enlightenment The universal was governed by "natural law", not by a personal God
H.
(1740-1748) Frederick invaded and annexed Silesia, part of the Austrian Hapsburg empire Frederick violated Austria’s Pragmatic Sanction
I.
Believed that too much of an emphasis on property, and not enough consideration of people, was a root cause of social injustice. General Will
J.
This would ensure that no single branch of gov’t became too powerful as the other two branches could check excess power.
K.
State of nature Was corrupted by the materialism of civilization.
L.
1727-1790 Considered the “Bible” of capitalism. Refined and expanded laissez-faire philosophy of the physiocrats. Believed the economy is governed by the natural laws of supply and demand.
M.
Improvements in exploration (e.g. John Harrison’s chronometer gave mariners the ability to easily determine longitude by the late- 18th century)
N.
Was invaded and annexed by Frederick part of the Austrian Hapsburg empire
O.
A French woman of letters of Swiss origin whose lifetime overlapped with the events of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era.
P.
1690 Stressed the importance of the environment on human development: Education was the key Tabula Rasa For progress to occur in society, education was critical in determining human development.
Q.
They opposed mercantilist policies
R.
Taught need for spiritual regeneration and a moral life that would demonstrate one’s having been “born-again”.
S.
The human mind was born as a blank slate and registered input from the senses passively
T.
(1773)Pugachev led a huge serf uprising. Demanded end to serfdom, taxes and army service. People were murdered all over southwestern Russia. Catherine needed support of nobility and gave them absolute control of serfs.
Type the Term that corresponds to the displayed Definition.
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21.
a consensus of the majority,should control a nation. This strongly implied democracy. Downside: Minority viewpoints were not recognized.
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22.
(1724-1804) – greatest German philosopher of the Enlightenment Separated science and morality into separate branches of knowledge. Science could describe nature, it could not provide a guide for morality
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23.
Argued against faith in both natural law and faith Claimed that human ideas were merely the result of sensory experiences; human reason could not go beyond what was experienced through the senses. Undermined Enlightenment’s emphasis on reason.
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24.
On Crimes and Punishment (1764) Sought to humanize criminal law based on Enlightenment concepts of reason and equality before the law His views influenced the Enlightened Despots:
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25.
One of the greatest rulers in German history Son of Fredrick William I who gave him a strong military education Profoundly influenced by the Enlightenment
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26.
(1703-91): Founder of Methodism
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27.
The philosophes inspired and supported the reforms of the _______. Believed absolute rulers should promote the good of the people Yet believed, like Hobbes earlier, that people were not capable of ruling themselves
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28.
Emergence of a secular world view for the first time in human history. Natural science and reason could explain all aspects of life Belief in autonomy of man's intellect apart from God Faith in reason, rather than faith in revelation Deism
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29.
(r. 1740-1780) (not an Enlightened despot) Assumed the Habsburg empire from her father, Charles VII.
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30.
Required unanimous agreement for the government to act.

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