AP Human Chapter 12 Test
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| A. Production system in which parts are delivered as needed to the assembly line so that parts are not warehoused, stored, or overproduced.B. Cost advantages created when similar businesses cluster in the same location. For example, car manufacturers cluster in a city or region to tap into a skilled labor force and access infrastructure, services, and technology.C. Hiring employees outside the home country of a company in order to reduce the cost of labor inputs for the good or service.D. Processes heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relations across country borders.E. Determining the location of manufacturing based on minimizing three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and agglomeration. Model developed by Alfred Weber.F. A place where goods are transferred from one form of transport to another. For example, in a port, cargoes of ships are unloaded and put on trains, trucks, or riverboats for inland distribution.G. The merging of businesses that serve different steps in one commodity chain.H. Benefit a service or product receives by being the first to market.I. Cluster of inventions and innovations that brought large-scale economic changes in agriculture, commerce- and manufacturing in late eighteenth century Europe.J. A set of interconnected nodes without a center.K. Decline in industry in a region or economy. Happens when companies move industry to other regions or mechanize production.L. Tapping into companies that specialize in production around the world to manufacture goods.M. Production of goods in a home or small workshop, typically by hand or with low technology.N. The position of a city or place relative to its surrounding environment or context.O. Understanding the distribution of cities, industries, services, or consumers with the goal of explaining why places are chosen as sites of production or consumption. The von Thünen model is an example.P. Areas along or near major transportation corridors that are devoted to the research, development, and sale of high-technology products.Q. Connection point in a network, where goods and ideas flow in, out, and through the network.R. Pattern of flows from raw material to global product to disposal or reuse of products that shows all the places connected through production.S. Increasing connectedness between world cities from improved communication and transportation networks.T. The ability of corporations to employ labor from around the world, made possible by the compression of time and space through innovations in communication and transportation systems. |
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