Geology Test 1 Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| The largest zone of Earth's interior by volume is the _______ | mantle |
| The most common end product of the chemical weathering of quartz is _______ | quartz does not usually weather chemically |
| A sedimentary rock made of fragments of preexisting rocks is _______ | clastic |
| The three plate boundaries are _______, _______, and ________. | divergent, transform, and convergent* |
| When a rock like granite is exposed at Earth's surface, it expands and cracks because it is no longer in ________ | equilibrium |
| Crystalline substances are always _______ | made of repeating patterns of atoms |
| Striations are associated with _______ | Plagioclase |
| _______ is not a chemical or organic sedimentary rock | shale |
| Soil with approximately equal amounts of sand, silt and clay along with a generous amount of organic matter is called _______ | loam |
| The lithosphere is _______ | the crust and uppermost mantle |
| _______ is not true of a single silicon-oxygen tetrahedron | The formula is SiO4 |
| _______ is not a type of sandstone | coal |
| The division of geology concerned with Earth materials, changes in the surface and interior of the Earth, and the dynamic forces that cause those changes is _______ | physical geology |
| Minerals with the same chemical make-up, but different arrangements of atoms are called _______ | polymorphs |
| A body or rock of considerable thickness with characteristics that distinguish it from adjacent rock units is called a _______ | formation |
| A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical methods is an _______ | element |
| _______ is not a type of silicate structure | Pentagonal |
| _______ is not a type of mechanical weathering | Oxidation |
| Rocks are _______ | a collection of one or more minerals |
| The most common end product of the chemical weathering of feldspar is _______ | clay minerals |
| The chemical element found in dolomite NOT found in limestone is __ | Mg |
| Erosion is a result of Earth's external heat engine, powered by | gravity? |
| Plate tectonics is a _______ | theory |
| Volcanic island arcs are associated with _______ | ocean-ocean convergence |
| Shale differs from mudstone in that _______ | shale is visibly layered and fissile; mudstone is massive and blocky |
| The soil horizon containing only organic material is the _______ | O Horizon |
| _______ is NOT true of minerals | most minerals are organic* |
| The subatomic particle that contributes mass and a single positive electrical charge is the _______ | proton |
| Atoms of an element containing different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons are called _______ | isotopes |
| Compaction and cementation are two common processes of _______ | lithification |
| A typical rate of plate motion is _______ | 1-10 centimeters per year |
| On Mohs' hardness scale, ordinary window glass has a hardness of about _______ | 5-6 |
| Hardpan forms in the _______ | B Horizon |
| _______ is not a silicate | Calcite |
| The major difference between breccia and conglomerate is _______ | rounding of the grain |
| True or False: Minerals are stable as long as they stay in the pressure and temperature environment where they originally formed | True |
| The bonding between Cl and Na in halite is _______ | ionic |
| The forces generated inside Earth that cause deformation of rock as well as vertical and horizontal movement of portions of Earth's crust are called _______ | tectonic forces |
| Oceanic and continental crust differ in _______ | composition, density, and thickness |
| Clues to the nature of the source area of sediment can be found in _______ | sedimentary structures |
| When the electric charge on the water molecule is unevenly distributed, it means _______ | we say that water is polar |
| Thick accumulations of graywacke and volcanic sediments can indicate an ancient _______ | convergent boundary |
| Glass is ________ | atoms randomly arranged |
| Particles of sediment from 1/16-2mm in diameter are of _______ size | sand |
| _______ can be distinguished from one another by appearance and chemical composition, have transitional rather than sharp boundaries, and are classified by letters ABCE&O | Soil horizons* |
| The decomposition of rocks from exposure to water and atmospheric gases is called _______ | chemical weathering |
| The grinding away of sharp edges and corners of rock fragments during transportation is _______ | Rounding* |
| Physical disintegration of rock into smaller pieces is called _______ | mechanical weathering |
| Plate tectonics is a result of Earth's internal heat engine, powered by _______ | heat flowing from Earth's interior outward |
| The single most effective agent of chemical weathering at Earth's surface is _______ | carbon dioxide CO2 |
| The chemical formula for the mineral jadeite (a source of jade) is Na(Al,Fe)Si2O6. The elements in parenthesis indicate that __________ | Al and Fe can substitute for one another in the mineral |
| True or False: Rocks expand when they are heated and contract when they are cooled. | True |
| Earthquakes, volcanoes, mudflows, floods, wave erosion at coastlines, and landslides are _______ | geologic hazards* |
| In a graded bed, the particle size _______ | decreases upward |
| The ability of a mineral to break along preferred directions is called _______ | Cleavage |
| True or False: The "salt" in the ocean is really sodium ions and chlorine ions. | True |
| If seal level drops or the land rises, _______ is likely to occur. | a transgression |
| Atoms with either a positive or negative electrical charge are called _______ | ions |
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Ldflores89
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