Chapter 5 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Term | Definition |
| Amnesiacs | Those who experience partial or total loss of memory, sometimes resulting from head trauma. |
| Autobiographical Memory | A type of declarative memory consisting of knowledge about personal experiences, tied to specific times and places. |
| Central Executive System | In Baddeley’s model of working memory, the system concerned with regulating the flow of information from sensory storage, processing it for long-term storage, and retrieving it from long-term storage. |
| Chunking | A memory process whereby related items are grouped together into more easily remembered “chunks” (for example, a prefix and four digits for a phone number, rather than seven unrelated digits). |
| Declarative Memory | Explicit, conscious long-term memory; may be either semantic or episodic. |
| Distortion Theory | A theory of forgetting that recognizes that what is remembered is often changed or reconstructed. |
| Dizygotic Twins | Twins that result from two separate eggs and that are therefore fraternal (nonidentical). |
| Elaboration | A memory strategy that involves forming new associations, linking with other ideas or images. |
| Encoding | As a memory process, changing sensations or other input to makemental representations. |
| Event-Related Field (ERF) | A measure of magnetic fields at the scalp relating to neural activity typically associated with specific stimuli. |
| Event-Related Potential (ERP) | A measure of electrical activity in identifiable areas of the brain, corresponding to specific stimuli. |
| Explicit Memory | Another label for declarative memory |
| Fading Theory | The belief that the inability to recall long-term memories increases with the passage of time as memory traces fade. Also termed decay theory. |
| False Memory Syndrome | Describes the possibility that a memory—especially of a highly traumatic event—may be a memory of something that has not actually occurred. |
| Flashbulb Memories | Unusually vivid and persistent recollections of the details surrounding first learning about an event that is highly emotionally significant. |
| Flynn Effect | The observation that there are gains in measured IQ over generations. |
| Forgetting | Loss from memory over time; contrasted with extinction, which occurs as a result of cessation of reinforcement. |
| Group test | A type of test usually used to measure intelligence that may be given to large groups at one time. |
| Implicit memory | Also called nondeclarative memory. Refers to the memories that cannot be verbalized—for example, how to stay upright on a bicycle. |
| Individual test | A test, usually used to measure intelligence, that can be given to only one individual at a time. |
| Intelligence quotient (IQ) | A mathematical representation of “intelligence” in which average performance is around 100. |
| Link system | A mnemonic system that requires forming linked visual images of what is to be recalled. |
| Loci system | A mnemonic system in which images of items to be recalled are “placed” in familiar locations. |
| Long-term memory (LTM | A type of memory where material is processed so that it remains available for recall over a long period. |
| Memory | The ability to retain and retrieve recollections of past events and information. |
| Mnemonic aids | Systematic aids to remembering, like rhymes, acrostics, or visual imagery systems. |
| Mnemonist | Professional memorizer. |
| Modal Model of Memory | A widely accepted model of memory that describes three types of storage: sensory, short-term, and long-term. |
| Monozygotic Twins | Twins resulting from the division of a single fertilized egg— hence identical twins. |
| Nondeclarative Memory | Unconscious, nonverbalizable effects of experience such as might be manifested in acquired motor skills or in classical conditioning. |
| Nonsense Syllables | Meaningless combinations of vowels and consonants, like gar, lev, and kur, often used to study memory. |
| Normal Distribution | A probability distribution that takes the form of a symmetrical bell-shaped graph and that describes the expected distribution of many events and characteristics. |
| Organization | A memory strategy involving grouping items to be remembered in terms of similarities and differences. |
| Phonetic System | A powerful mnemonic system in which previously learned associations between numbers and mental images are used to recall large numbers of items forward, backward, or in any order. |
| Phonological Loop | In Baddeley’s model of working memory, one of the slave systems responsible for maintaining verbal information, such as words or numbers, in consciousness. |
| Proactive Interference | When earlier learning interferes with the recall of subsequent learning. |
| Rehearsal | A memory strategy involving simple repetition, the principal means of maintaining items in short-term memory. |
| Reliability | The consistency with which a test measures whatever it measures. |
| Repression | A Freudian term for the process by which intensely negative or frightening experiences are lost from conscious memory. |
| Retrieval Cues | Stimuli like sounds, words, locations, smells, and so on that facilitate recall (that remind the individual of something). |
| Retrieval-Cue Failure | Inability to remember due to the unavailability of appropriate cues. |
| Retroactive Interference | When subsequently learned material interferes with the recall of previously learned material. |
| Semantic Memory | A type of declarative (conscious, long-term) memory consisting of stable knowledge about the world, principles, rules and procedures, and other verbalizable aspects of knowledge, including language. |
| Short-Term Memory (STM) | A memory stage in which material is available for recall for a matter of seconds; defines our immediate consciousness. |
| Triarchic Theory of Successful Intelligence | Sternberg’s view that intelligence involves analytical, creative, and practical abilities, as well as skill in selecting and shaping environments to maximize adaptation. |
| Validity | The extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. |
| Visual-Spatial Sketch Pad | One of the slave systems in Baddeley’s model of working memory, concerned with the processing of material that is primarily visual or spatial. |
| Working Memory | The Baddeley model describing how information is processed in short-term memory by means of a control system (central executive system) and systems that maintain verbal material (phonological loop) and visual material (visual-spatial sketch pad). |
Created by:
AlignStudyStack
Popular Psychology sets