SA 107 PD & PK Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| Pharmacodynamics- | What drugs do to the body. |
| Pharmacokinetics- | What the body does to drugs. |
| Ligand- | Molecule that binds to a receptor. |
| The 4 major types of receptors- | ion channel, G-protein coupled, enzyme linked, and intracellular. |
| Ions- | Charged molecules |
| Cations- | Positively charged. |
| Anions- | negatively charged. |
| Ion Channels are what type of receptors? | Transmembrane |
| Examples of ion channels- | neurotransmission, cardiac conduction, muscle contraction. |
| Types of ion channels- | voltage gated, ligand-gated, second messenger. |
| Voltage gated channels- | Activated by rapid change in membrane potential. |
| Membrane potential- | Difference in ion concentration across a cell membrane. |
| Ligand gated channels- | Ligand binds to open channels |
| Resting potential- | The inside of the cell has an overall negative charge compared to the outside of the cell. |
| Excitatory- | Positive ions flow into the cell. |
| Inhibitory- | Negative ions flow into the cell. |
| Receptor desensitization- | G-Protein channel receptors that are exposed to prolonged exposure to a agonist which results in decreased number of functional receptor sites. |
| Receptor downregulation- | Definitive end product of receptor desensitization. |
| Kinase- | Enzyme that adds a large, negatively charged phosphate group to protein. Used in enzyme-linked receptors. |
| Phosphorylation- | The integration of kinase to attach a phosphate group to a protein. |
| Examples of Enzyme-linked receptors- | Insulin, Growth Hormone, Cytokine. chemotherapeutics. |
| Examples of G-protein receptors- | G(s) coupled- epi and norepinephrine. Heart, lungs, other organs. G(1) coupled- endorphins and narcartics. CNS, Heart and GI tract. |
| Intracellular Receptors- | cytpoplasmic or nuclear receptors. Ligands must pass through the cell membrane to reach receptors. |
| Examples of intracellular receptors- | Steroids, estrogen. |
| Non-receptor drugs | diuretics, antacids, adsorbants (charcoal). |
| What type of receptor is also known as a 7 transmembrane domain receptor? | G-protein a receptor. |
| What type of receptor is also known as a catalytic receptor, where binding an extracellular ligand causes specific activity on the intracellular side? | Enzyme linked receptor. |
| What type of receptor is located inside the cell rather than on it's membrane? | intracellular receptor. |
| What type of receptor is essential in neuronal activities, and can also be called a ligand gated receptor channel? | Ion channel receptor. |
| What type of receptor is the most abundant receptor within the body? | G protein coupled receptor. |
| What term refers to a molecule that relays signals from a receptor on the surface of a cell that triggers a series of events within the cell? | Second messenger. |
| What type of channel passes positive ions into the cell? | Excitatory channels. |
| What type of channels passes negative ions into the cell? | inhibitory channels. |
| Adverse reaction- | Any dangerous reaction to a drug. |
| Untoward reaction- | Causes harm. |
| Ampule- | A sealed sterile container that holds a single dose of liquid or powdered medication. |
| Antagonist- | Something opposing or resisting the action of another. |
| Antidote- | An agent that neutralizes a poison or counteracts it's clinical or physiologic effects. |
| Contraindication- | Something that makes an indicated treatment or procedure inadvisable. Has to be indicated. |
| Cross-tolerance- | Tolerance or resistance to a drug that develops through continued use of another drug with similar pharmacological action. |
| Cumulative effect- | Condition in which repeated administration of a drug may produce effects that are more pronounced than those produced by the first dose. |
| Idiosyncrasy- | Type of reaction that is totally unpredictable, and unique to an individual. |
| Indication- | Something that points to, or suggests the proper treatment of a disease. |
| Physical Dependence- | A physiological state of adaptation to a substance, in which the absence produces symptoms and signs of withdrawal. |
| Potentiation- | Interaction between two or more drugs, resulting in a pharmacologic response greater than the sum of individual responses to each drug. Chemotherapy drugs. |
| Psychological dependence- | An emotional desire for a drug or substance that has no underlying physical need. |
| Summation- | Two drugs that have the same effect are given together. Also known as additive effect. Advil and aspirin to relieve pain. |
| Tachyphylaxis- | Rapid appearance of progressive decrease in response to a given dose after repetitive administration of a pharmacologically active substance. |
| Side effect- | A secondary, typically undesirable effect of a drug. Is expected. |
| Synergism- | Interaction of two or more drugs to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects. Drugs and alcohol together. |
| Tolerance- | Diminished response to a drug, which occurs when the drug is used repeatedly and the body adapts to the continued presence of the drug. |
| Vial- | A small container, typically cylindrical and made of glass, used especially for holding liquid medications. Holds more than a single dose or used for more than one patient. |
| The purpose of medications: | Curative, Prophylactic, Diagnostic, Palliative, Replacement, destructive |
| Curative- | Medications that cure diseases (antibiotics)` |
| Prophylactic- | Medications that prevent diseases. (vaccines) |
| Diagnostic- | Medications that help diagnose diseases. (Barium) |
| Palliative- | Medications that make patients more comfortable. (morphine) |
| Replacement- | Medications that replaces substances within the body. (insulin) |
| Destructive- | Medications that destroy tumors or microbes. (chemo) |
| Rank the controlled substance schedules from most abused to lowest risk | I-Highest, no medical purpose. heroin, marijuana LSD II-high, medical purpose. fentanyl, methylphenidate, cocaine III- moderate. hydrocodone, Tylenol w/codeine, ketamine IV- lower. diazepam, larazepam V- lowest. narcotic cough medicines |
| Biologic- | Produced naturally in animals, microorganisms or by the human body. |
| Complementary- | Therapies that involve plant extracts, herbs, vitamins, minerals, and dietary supplements. |
| What kind of bond are ligands using to bind? | Covalent |
| K (on)receptors- | The amount of time a ligand takes to bind to a receptor. |
| K (off) receptors- | The amount of time a ligand takes to disassociate from the receptor. |
| Drug-receptor binding curve- | How binding between a ligand and a receptor influences the body. Examines the safety of the drug. |
| Quantal dose-response curves- | Plots the fraction of a population that responds to a given dose of medication. |
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