Biology Unit 5 Learn Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; contains the sugar deoxyribose; forms chromosomes wrapped around a histone protein |
| DNA | contains the genetic code or instructions for making proteins; found in the nucleus of a cell |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid; contains the sugar ribose |
| RNA | used to carry the instructions and to make proteins from the DNA code |
| Amino Acid Sequence | determined by the code in deoxyribonucleic acid |
| Protein | string of amino acids joined together by a peptide bond folded into specific shapes |
| mRNA | carries instructions from DNA to the ribosome |
| tRNA | brings the correct amino acid by matching complementary bases of mRNA |
| Transcription | mRNA matching the DNA by complementary base pairing; occurs in the nucleus |
| Translation | mRNA base pairing with tRNA at the ribosome to create a protein from the DNA code |
| DNA Nitrogen Base Sequence | codes for the traits of organisms ; determines the order of the amino acids to make proteins |
| DNA Complementary Base Pairs | A-T, C-G adenine-thymine , cytosine-guanine |
| DNA to RNA Complementary Base Pairs | A-U,T-A,C-G,G-C adenine-uracil, thymine-adenine, cytosine-guanine, guanine-cytosine |
| Hydrogen Bonds | holds complementary base pairs in DNA |
| Peptide Bonds | holds amino acids to form proteins |
| Codon | three nucleotides in a row which codes for an amino acid |
| Mutation | change in a DNA nitrogen base sequence; may be harmful to an organism or may be beneficial for variation of an organism |
| Deletion Mutation | DNA nitrogen base is lost or deleted; may cause a frameshift mutation |
| Insertion Mutation | DNA nitrogen base is added; may cause a frameshift mutation |
| Substitution Mutation | DNA nitrogen base is replaced by a different nitrogen base |
| Nucleotide | individual unit of a nucleic acid; contains a nitrogen base, phosphate, and a sugar |
| Transcription | cellular process which makes mRNA from the DNA code to create proteins |
| Translation | uses the genetic code transcribed by mRNA to place amino acids into a specific sequence to make a protein |
| Frameshift Mutation | change in nitrogen base sequence which cause a change codon arrangement; alters amino acid sequence from point of mutation and after |
| Codon Chart | Square or circular chart of amino acids associated with a mRNA codon |
| Helicase | Enzyme which breaks the hydrogen bonds between DNA nitrogen bases |
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