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| Type of test | Term | Defintion | Note |
| Blood | Antithyroglobulin antibodies tests | Test that detects antibodies against thyroglobulin, a precursor to T3 and T4 | a positive result indicates the patient has Hashimoto thyroiditis or Graves disease. |
| Blood | Calcium test | Test that measures the level of calcium in the blood | can reveal whether the parathyroid gland is secreting a normal amount of parathyroid hormone. |
| Blood | Cortisol level test | Test that measures the amount of cortisol in the blood to determine if the adrenal cortex is working | also indirectly determines whether the anterior pituitary gland is secreting ACTH to stimulate the adrenal cortex. |
| Blood | Fasting blood sugar (FBS) | Test that measures the blood glucose level after a patient has fasted for at least 12 hours. | • Results indicate whether the pancreas is secreting a normal amount of insulin. • Also called a fasting blood glucose (FBG). • Is the initial screening test for diabetes mellitus. |
| Blood | FSH assay and LH assay | Test that measures levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. | • Results indicate whether the anterior pituitary gland is secreting normal amounts of these hormones. • Included in male and female infertility workups. |
| Blood | Glucose self- testing | Procedure in which patients measure their own blood glucose level one or more times each day to ensure it is maintained within normal range. | |
| Blood | Glucose tolerance test (GTT) | Test in which a blood specimen is drawn after the patient fasts for 12 hours, then once every hour for 4 hours after the patient consumes a glucose drink. | • Usually, blood glucose is elevated at first but returns to a normal level in 1 to 2 hours. • A continuing elevated blood glucose indicates diabetes mellitus. |
| Blood | Growth hormone test | Test that measures the level of growth hormone in the blood to determine whether the anterior pituitary gland is secreting a normal amount. | |
| Blood | Hemoglobin A1c test | Test that measures the A1c fraction of hemoglobin in a diabetic patient’s red blood cells | higher levels indicate poor blood glucose control during the past several months. |
| Blood | Testosterone test | Test that measures levels of total testosterone and free testosterone in a man’s blood to determine if the testes are secreting a normal amount. | • Also indirectly determines if the anterior pituitary gland is secreting enough luteinizing hormone. • Done as part of an infertility workup. |
| Blood | Thyroid function tests (TFTs) | Test that measures blood levels of T3, T4, and TSH. | • T3 and T4 levels -->if thyroid is functioning correctly. • TSH level --> if anterior pituitary gland is functioning correctly. • Values from these tests can be used to calculate the patient’s free thyroxine index (FTI or T7). |
| Urine | ADH stimulation test | Test that measures urine concentration to determine if the posterior pituitary gland is secreting a normal amount of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). | • Patient provides a urine specimen after not drinking for 12 hours, then receives ADH and water and provides a second urine specimen. • If the patient has diabetes insipidus, the second specimen will be more concentrated. |
| Urine | Estradiol test | Test that measures the level of estradiol in a woman’s urine to determine if the ovaries are secreting normal amounts of this hormone. | • Also indirectly evaluates whether the anterior pituitary gland is secreting adequate FSH. • Done as part of an infertility workup. |
| Urine | Urine dipstick test | Test that measures glucose, ketones, and other substances in the urine | used to evaluate patients with diabetes. |
| Urine | Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) test | Test that measures levels of VMA, a byproduct of epinephrine and norepinephrine. | • Requires a 24-hour urine sample. • Results help reveal whether the adrenal medulla is functioning correctly. |
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