PSYC Chapter Seven Word Scramble
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| Term | Definition |
| Memory Illusion | A false but subjectively compelling memory. |
| Memory | Is the retention of information over time. |
| Paradox of Memory | Is the contradiction of our memories being very good in some situations, while being very poor in other situations. |
| Hyperthymestic Syndrome | A memory of life events that is greatly superior to a normal person. |
| Sensory Memory | First major type of memory, which is tied closely to the raw materials of our experiences and perceptions of the world and briefly holds perceptual information. |
| Short Term Memory | Second major type of memory, which uses what is passed from sensory memory and turns it into more meaningful material. |
| Long Term Memory | The third and final type of memory, which retains important information passed from short term memory. |
| Iconic Memory | Visual sensory memory. |
| Eidetic Imagery | Otherwise called photographic memory, is when one can hold a visual image in their mind with extreme clarity. |
| Echoic Memory | Auditory sensory memory. |
| Working Memory | Is our ability to hold on to information we're currently thinking about, attending to, or processing actively. |
| Decay | The fading of information from our memory over time. |
| Interference | The loss of information from memory because of competition from additional incoming information. |
| Retroactive Interference | Is when learning something new hampers with what one has learned before. |
| Proactive Interference | Is when learning something new is more difficult because of what one has learned before. |
| Magic Number | Is the span of short term memory, according to George Miller, which is seven plus or minus two pieces of information. |
| Chunking | Organizing material into meaningful groupings. |
| Rehearsal | Repeating information mentally or vocally to extend the duration of information in the short term memory. |
| Maintenance Rehearsal | Repeating stimuli in its original form. |
| Elaborative Rehearsal | Linking stimuli to other things to remember them better. |
| Levels of Processing | The depth of transforming information influences how easily we remember it. |
| Permastore | The type of long term memory that appears to be permanent. |
| Primacy Effect | The tendency to remember stimuli, like words, early in a list. |
| Recency Effect | The tendency to remember stimuli later in a list. |
| Serial Position Curve | Is a graph that depicts primacy and recency effects on people's ability to recall items on a list. |
| Semantic Memory | Our knowledge of facts about the world. (explicit memory) |
| Episodic Memory | Our recollection of events in our lives. (explicit memory) |
| Explicit Memory | Are the memories that one recalls intentionally and of which they have conscious awareness. |
| Implicit Memory | Are the memories one doesn't deliberately remember or reflect on. |
| Procedural Memory | Is the memory for how to do things, which include motor skills and habits. (implicit memory) |
| Priming | Is our ability to identify a stimulus more easily after we've encountered similar stimuli. |
| Encoding | Is the first process of memory, which involves getting information into our memory banks. |
| Mnemonic | Are learning aids, strategies, and devices that enhance recall. |
| Storage | Is the second process of memory, which is about keeping information in memory. |
| Retrieval | Is the third and final process of memory, which is reconstructing memories from our memory banks. |
| Retrieval Cues | Hints that make it easier for one to recall information. |
| Recall | One of the ways to assess memory, which is generating previously remembered information. |
| Recognition | One of the ways to assess memory, which is selecting previously remembered information from an array of options. |
| Relearning | One of the ways to assess memory, which is reacquiring knowledge that one has previously learned but was largely forgotten. |
| Distributed vs Massed Practice | States that studying information in small increments over time is better than studying large increments over a brief amount of time. |
| Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon | Is the experience of knowing that we know something but being unable to access it. |
| Encoding Specificity | Remembering something better when the conditions of when we retrieve the information are similar to when we encoded it. |
| Context-Dependent Learning | Is when retrieval of information is better when the external context of the information matches the retrieval context. |
| State-Dependent Learning | Is when retrieval of information is better when one is in the same physiological or psychological state as when they encoded it. |
| Retrospective Bias | Is when one's psychological state distorts their memories of their past. |
| Engram | Was the "physical trace of each memory in the brain", sought after by Karl Lashley. |
| Long Term Potentiation | Is the gradual strengthening of the connections of neurons from repeated stimuli. |
| Retrograde Amnesia | The loss of past memories. |
| Anterograde Amnesia | The inability to encode new memories. |
| Habituation | A decrease in attention to familiar stimuli. |
| Meta-Memory | Is the knowledge of our own memory abilities and limitations. |
| Infantile Amnesia | Is the inability to remember personal experiences that took place before an early age. |
| Guided Imagery | When therapists ask clients to imagine past events. |
| Hypnotic Age Regression | Is when therapists use hypnosis to "return" clients to the psychological state of childhood. |
| Flashbulb Memories | Are emotional memories that are extraordinarily vivid and detailed. |
| Source Monitoring Confusion | The lack of clarity about where a memory came from. |
| Imagination Inflation | Is imagining an event increases the confidence in the likelihood that it occurred. |
| Cryptomnesia | The failure to recognize that our ideas originated with someone else. |
| Suggestive Memory Techniques | A procedure that encourages patients to recall memories that may or may not have taken place. |
| Misinformation Effect | Providing people with misleading information after an event can lead to fictional memories. |
| Weapon Focus | The tendency to focus on the weapon of an assailant when being threatened, rather than their appearance. |
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