Psych Ch 7 Vocab Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| cognition | the processes wherby we acquire and use knowledge |
| language | a flexible system of communication that uses sounds, rules, gestures, or symbols to convey information |
| signs | stereotyped communications about an animal's current state |
| phonemes | the basic sound units of a language that indicates changes in meaning |
| morphemes | the smallest meaningful units of speech, such as simple words, prefixes, and suffixes |
| grammar | the language rules that determine how sounds and words can be combined and used to communicate meaning within a language |
| syntax | the rules for arranging words into grammatical phrases and sentences |
| semantics | the criteria for assigning meaning to the morphemes in a language |
| surface structure | the particular words and phrases used to make up a sentence |
| deep structure | the underlying meaning of a sentence |
| image | a nonverbal mental representation of a sensory experience |
| concept | a mental category for classifying objects, people, or experiences |
| prototypes | according to Rosch, a mental model containing the most typical features of a concept |
| algorithm | a step-by-step method of problem solving that guarantees a correct solution |
| heuristics | rules of thumb that help in simplifying and solving problems, although they do not guarantee a correct solution |
| trial and error | a problem-solving strategy based on the successive elimination of incorrect solutions until the correct one is found |
| hill climbing | a heuristic problem-solving strategy in which each step moves you progressively closer to the final goal |
| subgoals | intermediate, more manageable goals used in one heuristic strategy to make it easier to reach the final goal |
| means-end analysis | a heuristic strategy that aims to reduce the discrepancy between the current situation and the desired goal at a number of intermediate points |
| working backward | a heuristic strategy in which one works backward from the desired goal to the given conditions |
| mental set | the tendency to perceive and approach problems in certain ways |
| functional fixedness | the tendency to perceive only a limited number of uses for an object, thus interfering with the process of problem solving |
| visualizing | a problem-solving strategy in which principles or concepts are drawn, diagrammed, or charted so that they canbe better understood |
| divergent thinking | thinking that meets the criteria of originality, inventiveness, and flexibility |
| convergent thinking | thinking that is directed toward one correct solution to a problem |
| brainstorming | a problem-solving strategy in which an individual or a group produces numerous ideas and evaluates them only after all ideas have been collected |
| compensatory model | a rational decision-making model in which choices are systematically evaluated on various criteria |
| representativeness | a heuristic by which a new situation is judged on the basis of its resemblance to a stereotypical model |
| availability | a heuristic by which a judgment or decision is based on information that is most easily retrieved from memory |
| confirmation bias | the tendency to look for evidence in support of a belief and to ignore evidenfe that would disprove a belief |
| framing | the perspective or phrasing of information that is used to make a decision |
| hindsight bias | the tendency to view outcomes as inevitable and predictable after we know the outcome |
| counterfactual thinking | thinking about alternative realities and things that never happened |
| linguistic relativity hypothesis | Whorf's idea that patterns of thinking are determined by the specific language one speaks |
| figurative language | expressive or nonliteral language such as metaphor and irony |
| telegraphic speech | an early speech stage of 1- and 2-year-olds that omits words that are not essential to the meaning of a phrase |
Created by:
791715400
Popular Psychology sets