Horticulture Test💐 Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| Define woody and herbaceous Plants. Explain how they are different. Can you visually identify the differences between them if shown a picture? | (Woody - any shrubs, trees, or certain vines which produce wood and have buds surviving above ground over winter. (Herbaceous - have stems that are soft and not woody such as herbs, certain vines, and turf grasses that die back to the ground each year. |
| Describe differences between annuals, biennials, and perennials . | (annuals - plants that germinate, grow, flower, and produce seed in one growing season (biennial - plants that complete their life cycle in two growing seasons (perennial - plants that may be herbaceous or woody and live for more than two seasons |
| Define the difference between deciduous and evergreen plants. Can you visually identify the differences between them if shown a picture? | (Deciduous - leafless during a portion of a year (Evergreen - keep their "leaves" all year round identification - evergreen leaves =thick and waxy, deciduous leaves=thinner and broader. Deciduous change colors, while evergreen stay green all year |
| Identify and describe the three phases of plant development. | Vegetative -when a plant seed germinates and grows producing leaves, stems, and roots reproductive- when a plant flowers and produces fruit. dormancy -a phase of slow or inactive growth |
| Give an example of each phase of plant development. | Vegetative: a sunflower seed germinates and grows Reproductive: the sunflower attracts pollinators and produces seed Dormancy: plant dies off during cold conditions and seeds remain in soil |
| Discuss the differences between simple and compound leaves. How can you distinguish. | simple leaf: single leaf blade and a petiole compound leaf: made of petiole and two or more leaf blades called leaflets distinguish: simple leaf is just one, compound is more than one leaf on a stem. |
| explain the 3 venation patterns on leaves. | Parallel - major veins are parallel to midrib (Nearly equal in size) Pinnate - midrib w/ smaller lateral veins branching from it Palmate - three or more major veins that extend from the base of the leaf blade. smaller veins branch from these main veins. |
| Describe these parts on a stem: Apical Meristem, Node, Internode, Bud Scale, Lenticel. | a.m : primary growing point of the stem node: point along a stem where leaves or other stems are attached Internode: area between two nodes Bud Scale: tiny leaf like structures that cover the bud before it opens and begins to grow lenticel: tiny pores |
| What are the auxins? What do they do and where can they be found? What do they do to the lower lateral buds when we prune the terminal bud? | They are hormones. they influence the growth of the lateral buds below. they are produced in the apical meristem. |
| what functions (at least 2) do stems provide a plant? | -they support leaves, flowers, and fruit - they transport water, minerals, and food. |
| Describe the differences between taproot and fibrous root systems. | taproot- primary root grows down from stem fibrous- plants that branch into a number of small primary and secondary roots |
| what are the three ways leaves can be arranged on a stem, and describe them. | Alternate - leaves are alternating ( not opposite) opposite - leaves are directly opposite to eachother whorled - leaves are spiraling around the stem. |
| Dicot and Monocot: | two groups of flowering plants that are classified by the number of seed leaves, or cotyledons, in their seeds. Monocots have one cotyledon, while dicots have two. |
| Chlorophyll: | green pigment found in plants that help them make their own food. |
| transpiration: | the process by which water is absorbed by the roots , transported through the plants vascular system, and released as water vapor into the atmosphere, primarily through tiny pores called stomata on the leaves. "plants sweating" |
| cross pollination | pollination of a flower or plant with pollen from another flower or plant |
| Pollination | the transfer of pollen to a stigma, ovule, flower, or plant to allow fertilization |
| hybrid | offspring of a cross between two different species or varieties |
| perfect flower | has both male and female parts |
| imperfect flower | has only one sex |
| hardiness | ability to survive adverse growing conditions |
| hardy plant | plant that can tolerate a variety of extreme temperatures |
| tender plant | plants that cannot survive harsh conditions |
| botanist | biologist specializing in study of plants |
| botanical nomenclature | formal scientific naming of plants |
| cultivar | plant variety that was produced in cultivation by selective breeding |
| primary root | the root of a plant that develops first |
| secondary root | a side branch of the main root, a root or a fine rootlet that derives from the primary root |
| root cap | outer cover of the tip of the root that protects it |
| root hairs | thin hair like structures in the tip of the root for absorption of water and minerals from soil |
| adventitious roots | originate from the branches, stems and leaves |
| germination | the development of a plant from a seed or spore after a period of dormancy |
| axillary bud | bud that grows from the axil of a leaf and may develop into a branch or flower cluster |
| xylem | transports water throughout a plants body |
| phloem | transports and distributes organic nutrients |
| photosynthesis | plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, releasing oxygen |
| Indentify 4 names of specialized stems and an example of each. | - bulbs; tulips/onions - corms; idk - rhizomes; ferns/asparagus - stem tubers; Irish potato |
| STUDY ALL IMAGES AND LABELED IMAGES IN STUDY GUIDE! | STEMS PARTS, FLOWER PARTS, LEAF PARTS, ECT. |
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28abiggar1
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