Biology Semester I Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
White fur of a rabbit in winter is an example of a(n) _____	Adaptation
A testable explanation of a situation is called a(n) _____	Hypothesis
Metric unit for the volume of a substance	Liter
Data which measures results in a numerical way	Quantitative data
Date which measures results in terms of descriptions	Qualitative data
Study of living things and the environment	Biology
Study ways to grow crops more efficiently	Agricultural biology
Research cells, DNA and living systems to discover new medical treatments	Biotechnology
Study living systems in order to design ways to improve life	Bioengineering
Characteristic of life that enables the continuation of a species	Reproduction
Allows for an organism to remain in balance	Homeostasis
Procedure that tests a hypothesis by collecting information under controlled conditions	Experiment
Group in an experiment that is the standard to which the results will be compared	Control group
Group in an experiment that is exposed to the factor being tested	Experimental group
Condition being changed by the scientist in an experiment	Independent variable
Information gained from observation	Data
Place in which an organism lives	Habitat
Interbreeding individuals in one place at a given time	Population
Group of biological communities that interact with the physical environment	Ecosystem
Converting nitrogen from a gas to a usable form by bacteria	Nitrogen fixation
Movement of chemicals on a global scale from abiotic through biotic parts of the environment	Biogeochemical cycle
The role an organism plays in its environment	Niche
Heterotroph which eats meat	Carnivore
Heterotroph which eats plants	Herbivore
Heterotroph which eats both plants/animals	Omnivore
Where is the largest concentration of nitrogen found?	Atmosphere
Scientific explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments	Theory
Individual organisms of a single species hat share the same geographic location at the same time	Population
Act of one organism consuming another	Predation
Allows a scientist to represent or simulate a process or system	Model
Biological community and all of the abiotic factors that affect it	Ecosystem
Close relationship that exists when two or more species live together	Symbiosis
Individual living thing	Organism
Living factors in an organisms environment	Biotic
Nonliving factors in an organisms environment	Abiotic
Occurs when more than one organism uses a resource at the same time	Competition
Portion of the earth that supports life	Biosphere
Study of the relationships among living organisms and the interaction they have with their environment	Ecology
Area of the forest that experiences very little change in the species composition	Climax community
Condition of the atmosphere at a specific place and at a specific time	Weather
Large geographic areas with similar climax communities	Biomes
Biome which occurs in the US and once contained huge herds of grazing herbivores	Grassland
Which land biome contains the greatest species diversity?	Tropical rain forest
Where is the largest percentage of water located?	Oceans
In which area of the lake is there likely to be the greatest diversity of plankton?	Limnetic zone
Biome with grasses and trees intermixed	Savanna
Where is the greatest percentage of earth's freshwater?	Glaciers
Approximate percentage of earth's freshwater contained in glaciers	69%
Zone which has proven to be the most difficult for marine biologists to explore	Abyssal zone
Biome in which rate of evaporation higher than precipitation	Desert
Which zone would support the greatest variety of coral reef ecosystems?	Photic zone
Which ecosystem has the greatest biodiversity?	Estuary
Ability of any organism to survive when subjected to abiotic/biotic factors	Tolerance
Distance of any point on the surface of earth N/S of the equator	Latitude
Orderly and predictable change that takes place after a community of organisms has been removed but the soil remains	Secondary succession
All living organisms are limited by the _____ in their environment	Factors
Material deposited by water, wind or glaciers	Sediment
Deepest are of a large lake	Profundal zone
Average weather conditions in a specific area	Climate
Change in an ecosystem that happens when one community replaces another	Ecological succession
Establishment of a community in an area of exposed rock without topsoil	Primary succession
Difference between primary and secondary succession	Soil
Basic unit of living things	Cell
Protein fiber that forms the cells supporting network	Cytoskeleton
Manufactures ribosomes within the cell	Nucleolus
Process in which plasma membrane pumps excess sodium out of the cell into an environment where there is a lower concentration of sodium	Diffusion
Organelle produces protein for a cell	Ribosome
Organelle which is often large in plant cells but small or absent in animals cells	Vacuole
Acts as a distribution center for cell proteins	Golgi apparatus
Breaks down excess microtubules	Lysosome
Contains the cell's DNA	Nucleus
Creates energy for the cell	Mitochondria
Process of cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells	Mitosis
Produces protein for the cell	Endoplasmic reticulum
Framework for the cell	Cytoskeleton
Synthesizes ribosomes	Nucleolus
Stores cell materials	Vacuoles
Inflexible barrier that provides support and protects the plant	Cell wall
Form of cell reproduction which results in gametes	Meiosis
Cells which have a membrane bound nucleus and organelles	Eukaryotes
Needed to move substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane	Transport proteins
Component of the cell membrane that allows for fluidity and flexibility	Cholesterol
Key property of the plasma membrane	Selective permeability
Modern concept of the plasma membrane	Fluid mosaic model
Distinct central organelle that contains a cell's genetic material in the form of DNA	Nucleus
Cells without a membrane bound nucleus	Prokaryotes
Two layers of lipids arranged tail-to-tail	Phospholipid bilayer
Moves small molecules across the plasma membrane using transport proteins	Facilitated diffusion
Involves water moving across the plasma membrane to the side of the greater solute concentration	Osmosis
Occurs when substances move against the concentration gradient; requires energy to the aid of carrier proteins	Active transport
Occurs when the plasma membrane surrounds a large substance inside the cell and moves it outside the cell	Exocytosis
The condition that results when diffusion continues until the concentrations are the same in all areas	Dynamic equilibrium
Occurs when the plasma membrane surrounds a large substance outside the cell and moves it inside the cell	Endocytosis
Energy cannot be created nor ____	Destroyed
Energy is the capacity to do ____	Work
What do cells store and release as the main source of chemical energy?	ATP
_____ is broken down during the Kreb's cycle	Pyruvate
Internal membrane of the chloroplast that is organized into flattened membranous sacs	Thylakoids
Molecule which results from the final step of the Calvin cycle	RuBP
Adenosine triphosphate is biologically important because it provides ____ energy	Chemical
Light-absorbing molecules such as chlorophyll	Pigments
Where in the cell does the Krebs cycle occur?	Mitochondria
Which is formed during the light-independent phase of photosynthesis	Glucose
An oak tree performs photosynthesis in organelles called ____	Chloroplast
Aerobic respiration occurs in organelles called ____	Mitochondria
Ability to do work	Energy
Final step of aerobic respiration when ATP is created	Electron transport chain
What does the first law of thermodynamics state?	Energy is conserved
Al of the chemical reactions in an organism's cells	Cell metabolism
Autotrophs that convert light energy into chemical energy	Photoautotrophs
In lactic acid fermentation, ____ is converted into lactic acid	Pyruvate
What anaerobic process occurs after glycolysis?	Fermentation
What chemical bond in ATP releases energy when broken?	Phosphate
In the second phase of photosynthesis, glucose is made from ____	ATP
Anabolic pathway in which light energy is converted to chemical energy	Photosynthesis
Anabolic pathways are ____ reactions	Synthesis
Catabolic pathways in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy	Cellular respiration
Catabolic pathways are ____ reactions	Decomposition reactions
Energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy (entropy)	2nd law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed	1st law of thermodynamics
Most important energy storage molecule in the body	Adenosine triphosphate
Organelle in which sunlight is absorbed	Chloroplast
Organelle in which aerobic processes of cellular respiration take place	Mitochondria
Study of the transformation of energy in the universe	Thermodynamics
"Without air"	Anaerobic
Series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction	Metabolic pathway
Large cells have difficulty diffusing ____ rapidly enough to support life functions	Nutrients
In large cells, ____ of wastes becomes a problem	Transportation
Signal for the cell to divide	Cylcins
Concerning the surface area-to-volume ratio, what is the surface area represent in the cell?	Plasma membrane
Activities of a cell that include cellular growth and cell division	Cell cycle
Cancer cells contain multiple ____ changes	Genetic
As a cell's volume increases, what happens to the proportional amount of surface area?	Decreases
Starting with one cell that underwent six divisions, how many cells would result?	64
Programmed cell death	Apoptosis
The cancer drug 'vinblastine' interferes with synthesis of microtubules. In mitosis, this would interfere with what?	Spindle formation
Unspecialized human cells	Stem cells
Main stage in which cell grows and carries out normal functions	Interphase
Stage in which cells nuclear material divides and separates	Mitosis
Stage in which the cell divides into two daughter cells with identical nuclei	Cytokinesis
Substage in which the cell prepares for nuclear division and protein that makes microtubules for cell division is synthesized	G2 phase
Substage of interphase immediately after a cell divides	G1 phase
Substage of interphase in which cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division	S phase
Proteins which bind to enzymes to start various activities in the cell cycle	Cyclins
Different ___ combinations control different activities at different stags in the cell cycle	Cyclin/CDK
Substances and agents are known to cause cancer	Carcinogens
Governmental agency which is in charge of ensuring the public that what they consume is safe	Food and drug administration
A mechanism involving proteins and ___ control the cell cycle	Enzymes
Stem cells which have not become specialized and can develop into a variety of different cells	Embryonic stem cells
Stem cells which are found in various tissues in the body and might be used to maintain and repair the same kind of tissue in which they are found	Adult stem cells
(Mitotic phases) Chromosomes attach to spindle apparatus and align along cells equator	Metaphase
(Mitotic phases) Chromosomes begin moving to opposite poles	Anaphase
(Mitotic phases) Chromosomes condense	Prophase
(Mitotic phases) Chromosomes reach poles of cell	Telophase
(Mitotic phases) Microtubules shorten	Anaphase
(Mitotic phases) Nuclear membrane disintegrates	Prophase
(Mitotic phases) Nucleolus disappears	Prophase
(Mitotic phases) Nucleolus reappears	Telophase
Which concept is considered an exception to Mendel's law of independent assortment?	Gene linkage
What determines gender in humans?	X and Y Chromosomes
Both _____ and multiple alleles describe the inheritance of human blood types	Codominance
Sister chromatids to do separate properly	Nondisjunction
How many chromosomes are found in human body cells?	Forty Six
A gene can be described as being a(n)	DNA segment
A form of a gene is known as a(n)	Allele
Having extra chromosome sets is known as	Polyploidy
An organism having two of the same alleles for a trait is called	Homozygous
An organism having two different alleles for a given trait is called	Heterozygous
Trisomy 21	Down Syndrome
Results in an exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes	Crossing over
Father of Genetics	Gregor Mendel
Can help to predict the offspring of a genetic cross	Punnett Square
Involves both crossing over and independent assortment	Genetic recombination
Person who is heterozygous for a recessive disorder	Carrier
Diagram which illustrates the inheritance pattern between two parents and offspring	Pedigree
A characteristic that has more than one pair of possible genotypes is said to be a(n)	Polygenic trait
Inheritance pattern in which the heterozygous genotype results in an intermediate phenotype between the dominant and recessive phenotype	Incomplete dominance
Genes found on the x chromosome are associated with...	Sex-linked traits
Protective ends of the chromosomes	Telomeres
Error that occurs during cell division which may be fatal to the organism or result in serious growth/development issues	Nondisjunction
Both ___ and the environment influence an organism's phenotype	Genes
Absence of gene that codes for enzyme to break down dairy compounds	Galactosemia
Affects red blood cells ability to transport oxygen	Sickle Cell Disease
Build up of fatty deposits in the brain	Tay-Sachs Disease
Decline of mental and neurological function	Huntington's Disease
Excessive mucus production; digest and respiratory failure	Cystic Fibrosis
Inability of blood to clot properly or at all	Hemophilia
Lack of pigment	Albinism
Short arms and legs; large head	Achondroplasia
Distinctive facial features, short stature and mental disabilities	Down Syndrome
Human male with extra X chromosome	Klinefelter's Syndrome
Person who is heterozygous for a recessive disorder	Carrier
Protective ends of the chromosome	Telomere
Micrograph of stained chromosomes	Karyotype
Both ___ and the environment influence an organism's phenotype	Genes

Created by: SavannahElkins

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