Biology PP 35 & 36 Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| What happened in the Ordovician Period? | primitive plants appear on land. Global cooling and glaciation, and volcanism. Ends in extinction due to glaciation |
| Fungi | eukaryotic heterotrophs |
| How do fungi eat? | digest their food externally, secrete enzymes then absorb organic molecules |
| Mycorrhizal fungi | fungi help plants absorb water and nutrients, mutually beneficial associations |
| is mutualism common in ecosystems? | yes, mutualism is a common theme in ecosystem |
| name some diseases parasitic fungi cuase | athlete's foot, ringworm, corn smut, chestnut blight |
| benefits of fungi | decomposers of dead organisms; as food; produce antibiotics |
| what do fungi decompose? | they break down cellulose and nutrients |
| what was the first antibiotic to be discovered? | penicillin |
| photoautotrophs | self-feeder that get their energy from sunlight |
| benefits of plants | reduce CO2, provide food, offer shelter and breeding areas for animals, fungi, and microorganisms. Prevent soil erosion |
| evolutionary features of plants | plants have vascular tissue |
| vascular tissue | transport water and nutrientsthroughout the plant body; provides internal support |
| cuticle | reduces water loss; |
| stem | support plants |
| roots | anchor plant, absorb water and mineral from soil. |
| What are 90% of all plants alive today? | angiosperms |
| angiosperms | have flowes and fruits which increase fertilization, disperal of seeds |
| purpose of seeds | protect the embryo |
| bryophytes (550 million years ago) | plants that lack vascular tissue, have flagellate sperm which swim in film of water |
| vascular plants (400 million years ago) | having swimming sperms, have xylem and pholem |
| seed plants (360 million years ago) | have seeds (female) and pollen (male) |
| gymnosperms | produce cones, such as pines, are called naked seed plants because their seeds not not develop inside a protective chamber. Supply most of our lumber and paper |
| the 3 terrestrial adaptations of conifers and gymnosperms | 1) further reduction of gametophyte. 2) pollen 3) seed |
| angiosperms (130 million years ago) | have seeds which develop in ovaries within fruits; main food source for the world; |
| what does angiosperm produce? | flowers and most of our food, fruits, veggies, grains |
| why are angiosperms successful? | because they interact with animals |
| How does angiosperm and animals help each other | angiosperms are a major food source for animals. Animals aid plants in pollination and seed dispersal |
| True or false: plant diversity is a nonrenewable resource? | TRUE |
| what happened to the tropical forest in the last third of the 20th century? | 20% of the tropical forest worldwide were destroyed |
| What happened to the forests of North America in the last 200 years? | they have shrunk by 40% |
| What percentage of prescription drugs are extracted from plants? | over 25% |
| how many plants have been investigated for unique compound? | less than 2% |
| how are plant reproduced in modern argiculture? | by vegetative reproduction |
| vegative reproduction | productivity is increase because it is cheap and easy to make large #s of identical plants from cutting or bits of tissue. Can reduce genetic diversity |
| good soil management includes: | water-conserving irrigation; erosion control; use of herbicides and fertilizers; rotating crops |
| nitrogen fixation | bacteria in the soil convert nitrogen into forms that plant can use |
| how do plant control growth and development? | by using hormones as chemical signals to control growth and development |
| benefits of soy | a healthy substitute for meat; reduce risk of heart disease; contain phytoestrogen which is similar to estrogen, work as hormone replacement therapy. |
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