A&P - Chap 11 Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| sensory input, integration, motor output | receiving stimuli, what to do with it, response |
| sensory, afferent or efferent? | AFFERENT |
| motor, afferent or efferent? | EFFERENT = EXIT |
| what part of the peripheral system is voluntary? | somatic |
| what part of peripheral system is involuntary? | autonomic |
| 2 divisions of autonomic | sympathetic, parasympathetic |
| the 2 supporting cells ONLY in the peripheral system | Schwann cells, satellite cells |
| neuroglia or glial cells | supporting cells found in the CENTRAL nervous system |
| can glial cells reproduce? | YES |
| astrocytes (3 jobs) | cling to neurons & capillaries, connects the two, AND buffers K+ ions in environment, AND recycles neurotransmitters |
| microglia (thorny!) (1 job) | macrophage |
| ependymal cells (1) | line central cavities of brain and spinal cord, BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER |
| oligodendrocytes (1) | wrap CNS neurons in myelin sheaths |
| schwann cell (1) | wrap PNS neurons in myelin sheaths |
| satellite cells (1) | control chemical environment of PNS |
| another word for neuron cell body | PERIKARYON, or soma |
| clusters of cell body in CNS | nuclei |
| clusters of cell body in PNS | ganglia |
| bundles of neuron processes in CNS | tracts |
| bundles of neuron processes in PNS | nerves |
| nerve impulse = action or graded potential? (LONG SIGNAL) | ACTION |
| dendrites-->cell body = action or graded potential? (SHORT SIGNAL) | GRADED |
| white matter contains ___ and are primarily ____ | myelin, FIBER TRACTS |
| gray matter contains? | nerve cell bodies, NOT MYELIN |
| 3 types of neurons | multipolar, bipolar, unipolar, |
| multipolar | typical neuron |
| bipolar | cell body in the middle |
| unipolar | cell body extends from middle |
| association/interneurons | lie between motor & sensory neurons, 99% of nervous system |
| potential energy = | voltage |
| flow of electrical charge | current |
| chemically gated ion channels open to what? | neurotransmitters |
| voltage-gated channels open to what? | change in membrane POTENTIAL=voltage |
| resting membrane potential | -70 mV, more negative on inside, POLARIZED |
| membrane at rest is 75% more permeable to what than what? | more permeable to K+ than Na+ |
| ATP driven sodium potassium pump ejects what and absorbs what? | ejects 3Na+, absorbs 2K+ |
| depolarization increases or decreases chance for nerve impulse? | INCREASES |
| hyperpolarization increases or decreases chance for nerve impulse? | DECREASES |
| graded potentials can only be depolarizations or hyperpolarizations? | YES |
| action potential is the | principal way neurons communicate |
| do action potentials decrease in strength over distance? | NO |
| action potential IN NEURONS is also called | nerve impulse |
| only what are capable of generating action potentials? | AXONS |
| local currents DEPOLARIZE axonal membrane and what rushes into voltage gated channels? | Na+ |
| depolarization reaches threshold and is then driven by what? | ionic currents created by Na+ influx |
| action potential is what kind of feedback? | POSITIVE FEEDBACK |
| the action potential passes 0 and becomes positive, so what stops entering the cell? | Na+ |
| when potassium rushes out of cell, the interior becomes less positive, and it goes back to resting level called | repolarization |
| K+ takes longer to leave cell so what occurs? | hyperpolarization |
| sodium potassium pump afterwards fixes what? | the amount of ions in and out of the cell |
| absolute refractory period | sodium gates are open and cannot respond to another stimulus. |
| relative refractory period | potassium gates open, CAN respond to another stimulus if it's greater than the threshold stimulus |
| saltatory conduction | action potentials only triggered at the nodes of ranvier |
| presynaptic, postsynaptic | information sender, receiver |
| electrical synapse | gap junctions that connect cytoplasm of adjacent neurons, ions flow quickly |
| chemical synapse | release and receive neurotransmitters |
| chemical synapses prevent what? | nerve impulses from being directly transmitter from one neuron to another |
| Ca+ is sucked into axon terminal and what is released? | synaptic vesicles |
| excitatory post synaptic potentials (EPSP) | depolarization |
| inhibitory post synaptic potentials (IPSP) | hyperpolarization |
| EPSP and IPSP are gated how? | CHEMICALLY |
| EPSP and IPSP are what kind of potential? | GRADED, LOCALIZED |
| EPSP function? | helps trigger an action potential distally |
| temporal summation | rapid fire from one neuron |
| spatial summation | simultaneous firing from multiple neurons |
| neurotransmitter in neuromuscular junctions | acetylcholine |
| biogenic amines contain what 2 groups? | catecholamines, indolamines |
| 3 types of catecholamines | dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine |
| 2 indolamines | seratonin, histamine |
| biogenic amines do what? | emotions, biological clock, autonomic nervous system |
| 3 types of amino acid neurotransmitters (all cells of body) | GABA, glutamate, glycine |
| 2 neuropeptides (opiates) | endorphins, enkephalins |
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