BIO Meiosis Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| Mitosis | produces daughter nuclei with the same number of chromosomes as the original nucleus (2 daughter 2n cells) |
| Meiosis | produces daughter nuclei with only half the original number of chromosome (4 daughter 1 n cells) |
| zygote | fertilized egg |
| gametes | sex cells----sperm and eggs |
| replicate | two strands of DNA molecule separate and each serves as the template for another strand (one chromosome produces sister chromatids) |
| sister chromatids | two identical double stranded molecules of DNA attached to each other by the centromere |
| homologous chromosomes | 1 chromosome from male, 1 chromosome from female. For example, in humans chromosome #1 contains genes for the enzyme salivary amylase. In a homologous pair of chromosomes, the male of the pair contains this gene & the female of the pair contains this gene |
| diploid | the paired number of chromosomes or 2n. For humans it is 23 pairs or 46. |
| haploid | the unpaired number of chromosomes or 1 n. For humans it is 23 individual chromosomes |
| tetraploid | 4n. Four homologous chromosomes of each type. For example found in plants |
| germ cells | cells that can undergo meiosis. The REST of the body's cells arfe called somatic (soma = body) cells |
| somatic cells | body cells (i.e. not sex cells) |
| define how the number of chromosomes varies among each species, give some examples | different species, different number of chromosomes. Humans 46 (23 pairs), turkeys 82, redwoods 22. |
| Cells that produce sexually have ______ of _________. | pairs, chromosomes |
| diploid (2n) | each of the 2 parents contributes one of each pair of chromosomes. |
| haploid ((n) | the unpaired chromosomes. In sexual reproduction, gametes (eggs, sperm) each have the haploid number of chromosomes (human each has 23) |
| What are the diploid and haploid number for humans | 46 = 2n 23 = n |
| homologous | a pair of chromosomes are called 'homologous' chromosomes. For example, chromosome #1 from father and chromosome #1 from mother are the pair of #1 chromosomes. The pair of #1's are called 'homologous' chromosomes. Same for chromosome #2 and its pair #2... |
| What produces the variety we see in members of the same species. | Each parent (egg, sperm) have chromosomes that vary a bit. This gives genetic variety. |
| somatic | body cells. these are the opposite of sex (gamete) cells |
| gamete | sex cells. male sperm, female egg. |
| What happens during fertilization | male and female gamete cells join. The nuclei fuse. A new individual develops from the diploid fertilized egg. |
| zygote | fertilized egg |
| give a sone-sentence definition of meiosis | a special cell division process that produces haploid gametes |
| spores | haploid gametes in simple plants. Usually spores do asexual reproduction |
| give some differences between sexual and asexual reproduction with regards to meiosis and gametes (include clones and fertilization) | sexual - uses meiosis to form gametes. uses fertilization to form zygote. asexual - no meiosis, no fertilization. clone - no meiosis, no fertilization. Use egg without DNA to accept clone DNA material so exact copy of original DNA |
| how does cloning work | rerplicate same set of chromosomes into multiple cells and grow new copy of individual |
| name 3 wauys meiosis differs from mitosis | meiosis - 2 divisions mitosis - 1 division meiosis - crossing over mitosis - no crossing over meiosis - 4 haploid cells mitosis - 2 diploid cells |
| describe crossing over when does it occur and why is it important | distributes a random mixture of paternal and maternal chromosomes to each gamete. Crossing over happens in pro phase I. It is important because it adds genetic variety hence survivability |
| How does meiosis reduce the chromosome number? | it has 2 rounds of division (meiosis I and II) but only one round of chromosome duplication (in inter phase I before meiosis starts) |
| How does meiosis I differ from mitosis | 1. crossing over happens in meiosis I but not mitosis 2. homologous chromosomes (#1 and #1) (#2 and #2) pair up in meiosis I but not mitosis. |
| What is the result of meiosis I | 2 daughter cells. 2n, mixed paternal and maternal chromosomes from crossing over. |
| When each cell divides in meiosis II, ______________ separate | sister chromatids |
| Name the 3 important things meiosis does | 1. crossing over for genetic variety 2. gametes with correct distribution of chromosomes 3. 4 haploid cells such that sexual reproduction can occur |
| What is the key difference between male and female gametes after meiosis have finished (think of the cytoplasm)? | male gametes usually divide cytoplasm equally female gametes most of the cytoplasm stays with one cell |
| What are polar bodies? | two smaller cells formed in meiosis that disintegrate--typically from the female egg. |
| Prokaryotic cells perform which of the above for reproducing cells? meiosis mitosis binary fission | binary fission |
| What is a synonym for 'sister chromatids' (they look like an X) | duplicated eukaryotic chromatids |
| Germinal cells of ovaris that go through meiosis are diploid or haplid? | diploid |
| A chromosome pair that has the same type of genetic information at the same location and have centromeres located in the same location is known as: a. homologous pair b. replicated chromosomes c. sister chromatids | a. homologous pair |
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stinglasher23
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