In each blank, try to type in the
word that is missing. If you've
typed in the correct word, the
blank will turn green.
If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: What type of X-Rays result from the between a projectile electron and a target nucleusAnswer: Bremsstrahlung Question: In the diagnostic , most x-rays are Answer: Bremsstrahlung Question: A change in kVp affects both the ________ and the position of the x-ray emission spectrum.Answer: Question: Adding filtration is sometimes called ________ the x-ray beam because of the relative increase in average energy.Answer: Question: Kinetic energy is the energy of______. Answer: Question: In the diagnostic range, a _____increase in kVp is equivalent to doubling the mAs. Answer: 15% Question: When electrons are accelerated from the cathode to the what three things take place?Answer: (1) Heat is produced (2) Characteristic x-rays are (3) Bremsstrahlung x-rays are produced Question: X-ray that from interaction of the projectile electron with a target nucleus; braking radiation,, is the definition ofAnswer: x-rays Question: What are the influencing factors that affect the shape of an x-ray Answer: 1.Projectile electrons accelerated from cathode 2/anode dont all have peak kinetic energy. 2.Thickness of the target in the x-ray tube. 3.Low-energy x-rays are more 2/be absorbed in the target. 4.Added external filtration 2/the x-ray tube assembly Question: Only approximately _____ of projectile electron kinetic energy is used for the production of x-radiation; the other _____ is converted into __________ .Answer: 1%, 99%, heat Question: What are projectile ? Answer: the electron’s that are traveling from the cathode to the target. They make up the tube . Question: When the electron interacts with an inner-shell electron violently enough to remove that electron, what type of x-ray is produced? Answer: X-ray Question: What type of x-ray is useful in imagingAnswer: those created from the K-shell of the atom Question: Bremsstrahlung x-rays have a ____________ spectrumAnswer: Question: What is the main difference between characteristic and bremsstrahlung ?Answer: If a electron interacts with an inner shell electron then it is a characteristic interaction. If a projectile electron interacts with an outer shell electron then it is a bremsstrahlung interaction Question: What causes the most heat during x-ray Answer: The constant excitation and return of outer electrons Question: Doubling the x-ray tube also doubles whatAnswer: heat Question: What types of x-rays are emitted when an outer-shell fills an inner-shell void?Answer: x-rays Question: A change in _______affects both the amplitude and the position of the x-ray emission spectrum.Answer: Question: Adding filtration to the useful x-ray beam reduces x-ray beam ___ while the average __. Answer: Intensity, Question: When kVp is increased by 15%, what be done with mAsAnswer: mAs be halved Question: What kind of does heat production in the anode and the x-ray tube current have? Answer: Direct relationship. As one the other increases Question: What role does mA have with the of x-ray productionAnswer: It does not play a role. X-ray production is independent of the tube Question: Except for K-shell x-rays, all x-rays have what level of energyAnswer: They have very low Question: Why is there an electrostatic force of attraction between the electron and the nucleus a Bremsstrahlung interaction? Answer: Since the electron is negative and the nucleus is positive it cause the electrostatic Question: The larger the area under the curve of an emission spectrum it causes the to be?Answer: Question: require at 69 kVpAnswer: x-rays Question: Protective housing guards against excessive _____________ and electric shockAnswer: exposure page Question: The x-rays through the window are called theAnswer: beam page Question: The cathode is the ________ side of the x-ray tube; it has two primary parts, a __________ and a ___________.Answer: Negative, filament, cup Question: The outer-shell electrons of the filament atoms are boiled off and ejected from the filament is known as ____________.Answer: emission Question: Electrons carry a negative charge and repel one another. They tend to form a cloud around the filament called ______________?Answer: charge Question: What is the most common cause of x-ray tube ? Answer: Tungsten vaporization deposits on the inside of the glass enclosure Question: What is the anode heel ? Answer: Because of the anode target, the radiation intensity is greater on the cathode side of the x-ray field than the anode side Question: What are the 2 main structures of the x-ray tubeAnswer: The and cathode Question: What is the line-focus Answer: Angling of x-ray that allows a large area for heating (actual area) while maintaining a small focal spot (effective area). Question: What components make up the external structure of the x-ray tube? Answer: The support structure, the protective housing, and the glass or enclosure Question: side of the x-ray tube is the negative side?Answer: Question: What are some of the reasons the filaments made of ?Answer: High melting point, does not vaporize easily, higher thermionic , high atomic number Question: The x-ray tube is adjusted by controlling the Answer: Filament Question: Name the two parts of an electromagnetic motor. Answer: 1. . rotor
Question: What happens to the effective focal spot size when the angle of the target is made ? Answer: it is also made Question: What is the of the focusing cup’s negative chargeAnswer: to condense the beam and direct it to the target Question: When produced, x-rays are emitted _________, which means they travel in equal intensity in all directions. Answer: Question: What is the of the glass or metal tube enclosure? Answer: The enclosure maintains a vacuum the tube Question: The motor rotates what side of the x-ray tube? Answer: Andoe Question: As the target angle _____ , so does the effective focal spot size Answer: Question: The heel effect states that the cathode has _______ x-ray intensity on the cathode side.Answer: Question: What changes the x-ray tube when adjusted? Answer: current Question: The _________ _________ focuses the flow of electrons from the Cathode to the Anode target.Answer: Cup Question: Further heat capacity can be by doing what to the rotation of the Anode?Answer: Increasing the rotation . Question: What is the material desired for the manufacturing of the Target in X-Ray systems? Answer: Tungsten Question: How is the rotation inside the tube housing powered? Answer: An motor. Question: The ________ focal spot is the flow of electrons hitting the Anode while the _______ focal spot is the flow of electrons leaving the target. Answer: Actual ; Question: When the x-ray tube is centered above the examination table at the standard SID, the x-ray tube is in what ? Answer: detent Question: How does having a smaller focal spot spatial resolution? Answer: It increases the spatial resolution or makes it Question: What are x-rays called that escape the protective housing? Answer: Radiation Question: Which type of enclosure is least likely to fail and why? or glass?Answer: Metal because as glass enclosures age, tungsten vaporizes and coats the enclosure and the tube current to stray and interact with the enclosure. This results in arcing and tube failure. Question: The smaller the anode angle, the heel Answer: Larger Question: What is the Center of the x-ray beam that with the image receptor? Answer: Ray Question: What can cause the anode to ?Answer: If the temperature of the anode heats up to Question: The x-ray __________ is adjusted by controlling the filament current.Answer: tube Question: Name the two of anodesAnswer: stationary and Question: By angling the ____________ one makes the effective area of the target much smaller than the actual area of electron interaction.Answer: Question: What kind of does the anode have?Answer: Question: Explain the line principal.Answer: 1. Results from angled targets. Allows a large area for heating while a small focal spot is maintained. It is preferred to use a small focal spot on some extremities because of better spatial . Question: An x-ray tube _______ emits electrons when it is heated. When the current through the _______is sufficiently high, the outer-shell electrons of the ________ atoms are “boiled off” and ejected from the __________. This is also known as thermionic emission.Answer: , filament, filament, filament Question: What is the heel ?Answer: Absorption of x-rays in the heel of the target, resulting in reduced x-ray Question: What are the electrodes called in the Answer: What are the electrodes called in the Question: What are the of the rotating anode? Answer: the target and the electromagnetic induction . Question: 1. THE X-RAY tube is a component of the x-ray imaging system rarely seen by radiologic technologists. It is contained in a protective housing and therefore is ____________?Answer: Question: Tungsten provides for higher _______________ than other metals.Answer: emission Question: What part of the X-Ray tube electricity and radiates heat and contains the target? Answer: The Question: The smaller the focal spot, the better the _______________ of the imageAnswer: resolution Question: X-ray quantity is ________________ to the mAs.Answer: proportional Question: X-ray quantity is ________________ to the square of the distance from the source.Answer: proportional Question: What is the reduction in x-ray intensity that from absorption and scattering?Answer: Attenuation Question: Increasing ________ increases the quality of an x-ray beamAnswer: Question: X-ray quantity varies ____________ with distance from the source.Answer: Question: As the energy of an x-ray beam is increased, the penetrability is ______________.Answer: Question: What is the main of adding filtration to an x-ray beam?Answer: To remove selectively low-energy x-rays from the beam Question: What are the two of filtration and how are the different?Answer: Inherent filtration – glass or metal enclosure of beam
Added filtration – an additional filter, usually in the form of a thin of aluminum between the protective x-ray and tube housing, provides more filtration
Question: Adding filtration the useful beam ______________ patient dose.Answer: Question: The inverse square law demonstrates what ?Answer: The x-ray intensity vs. distance. The x-ray varies inversely with the square of the distance from the x-ray tube target Question: What is x-ray ?Answer: The number of x-rays in the beam Question: An in mAs and kVp has what effect on x-ray quantity? Answer: It increases Question: What is the inverse law formulaAnswer: I1 = (d2)^2
___ ____
I2 = (d1)^2
Question: What is the square law Answer: mAs1 = (SID1)^2
_____ ______
mAs2 = (SID2)^2
Question: What is the ability of an x-ray beam to pass tissue called? Answer: Penetrability Question: Of mAs and kVp, x-ray quantity is affected by _____, and x-ray quality is affected by ____?Answer: mAs and kVp / kVp Question: What word is with x-ray qualityAnswer: penetrability Question: The total number of electrons that travel from cathode to anode to produce x-rays can be referred to as ________. Answer: x-ray quality / radiation / x-ray intensity Question: Although x-ray beams are considered polyenergetic, ideal filtration would create a _________ beam, therefore increasing the x-ray qualityAnswer: Question: What is ? Answer: Attenuation is the reduction in x-ray that results from absorption and scattering Question: An increase in distance has what on X-ray qualityAnswer: None Question: What happens to the patient’s dose of you increase kVp and mAs?Answer: The patient dose is reduced Question: If you the filtration of the x-ray beam what happens to the x-ray quantityAnswer: The x-ray quantity is Question: Filters reduce patient dose by removing _______ before they are absorbed in superficial tissues.Answer: Low energy Question: When SID is increased, mAs must be increased by ____ to maintain constant exposure to the image receptor.Answer: SID^2
this is the square law Question: If kVp is , intensity increases by a factor of Answer: 4 Question: You want to keep a constant exposure to your IR, but increase SID. Which law will help get the result?Answer: Use the Law- if SID is increased, mAs is increased by the square of SID. Question: What happens when mAs is ? Answer: the number of electrons striking the tube target is doubled, and therefore the number of x-rays is doubled. Question: This occurs when an incident x-ray is absorbed during the ionization of an inner-shell electron.Answer: The photoelectric Question: What type of scattering is of importance to diagnostic radiology? Answer: Coherent Question: In Compton scattering, the incident x-ray interacts with an _______ electron and ejects it from the atom.Answer: -shell Question: During the photoelectric effect what is the electron called?Answer: photoelectron Question: For higher atomic number target atoms, electron binding energies are ______? Answer: Question: X-rays throughout the diagnostic range can undergo an interaction with outer-shell electrons that not only scatters the x-ray but reduces its energy and ionizes the atom as well. This interaction is called_______. Answer: scattering Question: X-rays scattered back in the direction of the incident x-ray beam are called _______Answer: backscatter Question: Compton scattering reduces _____ ______ Answer: contrast Question: What is the definition of differential ?Answer: Different degrees of absorption in different tissues that result in image and formation of the x-ray image. Question: Different degrees of absorption in different tissues that result in image contrast and formation of the x-ray . Answer: Differential absorption as the kVp is reduced Question: Differential absorption and attenuation on what 3 factors?Answer: (1) The atomic number (Z) of the atoms in tissue (2) The mass density of the atoms in tissue (3)The x-ray Question: (1) The atomic (Z) of the atoms in tissue (2) The mass density of the atoms in tissue (3)The x-ray energyAnswer: , negative Question: X-rays interact with matter in 5 ways, but only 2 are for making an x-ray image, which are theyAnswer: Compton scattering and the Photoelectric . Question: What is the main difference in radiation and the Photoelectric effectAnswer: Compton’s incident x-ray interacts with an outer-shell electron, Photoelectric’s x-ray interacts with an inner-shell electron. Question: Bone has an atomic number of 13.8; soft tissue has an atomic number of 7.4. Which will more x-ray? Answer: Bone will absorb more x-ray because of its atomic number. Question: The wavelength of the scattered x-ray is ____________ than the wavelength of the incident x-ray in Compton scatteringAnswer: Question: What type of effect results in x-ray absorption? Answer: Photoelectric Question: What differential absorption?Answer: Compton scattering, photoelectric , and x-ray transmission through the patien Question: What important controlling must be changed (in what way) in order to show small differences in soft tissue? Answer: the kVp Question: Are clinical x-rays monoenergetic or polyenergeticAnswer: Question: The higher the energy of an x-ray, the shorter is its ___________? Answer: Question: X-ray interaction that not only scatters the x-ray but its energy and ionizes the atom as well are known as what type of interaction? Answer: Compton or Compton scatter Question: interactions or Compton scatterAnswer: It overall image contrast Question: What is the term used to describe an anatomical structure with high x-ray characteristics?Answer: Radiopaque Question: Anatomical structures that x-rays pass through are said to be ____. Answer: Question: The of the Compton-scattered x-ray is equal to the difference between what? Answer: The energy of the x-ray and the energy of the ejected electron Question: How is the atomic number of tissue related to scattering? Answer: It is not related, they are of each other. Question: The absorption of x-rays produces what color area on the radiograph? Answer: The areas; radiopaque Question: What is radiation called when x-rays are bounced back towards to the incident beam?Answer: Backscatter Question: X-rays that pass thru the body interacting do what to the image? Answer: Create areas Question: What is the most common source of radiation during fluoroscopyAnswer: scatter from the Question: What kind of human tissue has the highest atomic number and how does this affect the way x-rays with the patient? Answer: bone / more x-rays absorbed photoelectrically as to soft tissue Question: What three types of x-rays are important in the of a radiographAnswer: 1. Compton-scattered
2. those absorbed by the effect
3. those transmitted without interaction
Question: At low energies, most x-ray interactions with tissue are _______. At high energies, ___________ predominates. Answer: / Compton scattering Question: ____________ is the ability to image small objects that have high subject contrast.Answer: Spatial Question: ____________ is the ability to distinguish anatomical structures of similar subject contrast.Answer: Contrast Question: ___________ is determined by the size, shape, and x-ray-attenuating characteristics of the anatomy that is being examined and the energy of the x-ray beam.Answer: contrast Question: Radiographic contrast is produced by 2 factors: ______________contrast and ____________ contrast.Answer: receptor(contrast), Subject (contrast) Question: What are 2 things you can do to magnification?Answer: Large SID: use as large of a -to image receptor distance as possible.
Small OID: place the object as close to the image receptor as possible. Question: A low kVp results in a ________ subject contrast, or __________ scale contrast. While a high kVp results in a ________ subject contrast, or __________ scale contrast. Answer: High, , Low, Long. Question: All images on the radiograph are larger than the objects they represent is a condition called _____________? Answer: Question: Unequal magnification of different portions of the same object is called ___________? Answer: Shape Question: What are the 3 principle geometric that affect radiographic quality?Answer: 1. magnification
2. distortion
3. -spot blur
Question: What are 6 factors that affect radiographic quality?Answer: 1. subject . patient thickness
3. tissue mass density
4. effective atomic number
5. object shape
6. kVp
Question: What 3 conditions to image distortion?Answer: 1. thickness
2. object position
3. object shape
Question: On which side is the focal spot blur Answer: Cathode Question: What is the greatest factor of resolution? Answer: spot size Question: If is a small difference between the OD of the radiograph, what kind of contrast does it have?Answer: Low Question: 2.The elbow of the humerus should be placed under which part of the the x-ray tube to take of the heel effect and minimize the focal spot blur?Answer: The anode side. Shoulder the cathode side. Question: What factor has the most important influence on subject ? Answer: kVp has the most influence Question: An increase in patient thickness results in a/an ____________ in attenuationAnswer: Question: Movement of the patient or the x-ray tube during exposure results in ______________.Answer: blur Question: 1. Keeping exposure time as short as possible, controlling contrast (kVp) and optimal density (mAs) are all techniques to create __________ quality imagesAnswer: Question: Image quality is improved by _____________ that cause reduced motion blur.Answer: exposure times Question: kVp is the primary control of x-ray beam quality and therefore controls ____________. Answer: beam Question: The degree of blackening of the radiograph is called Answer: Optical Question: List the four prime factorsAnswer: kVp ,mA , S, Question: What film screen radiographic contrastAnswer: kVp Question: What exposure determines the patient radiation doseAnswer: Question: What improvements are seen if you your SIDAnswer: less , less focal- spot blur, and improved spatial resolution Question: Name 3 patient factors that will determine the technique you Answer: part thickness, body , and pathology Question: What are the 2 main factors that control the optical density, or the degree of blackening of the image? Answer: mAs and Question: How will positioning the part of parallel with the image receptor affect your image?Answer: This will distortion. Question: Destructive pathology on a radiograph appears ______________. Answer: Question: The use of a high kV results in a ________ scale, _________ contrast.Answer: Long, low Question: With an increase in peak does the quantity and quality increase or decrease? Answer: increase Question: With an of milliampere what happens to the quality? Answer: No Change Question: With an increase in what happens to the quantity? Answer: Question: When filtration is added (increased) what to the quality? Answer: Question: When filtration is added (increased) what happens to the ? Answer: Question: What is the 15% rule?Answer: A 15% increase in kVp by a half reduction in mAs results in the same OD. Question: What prime exposure factor has no effect on x-ray ? Answer: SID (distance) Question: The number of x-rays produced, or x-ray quantity is controlled by ________? Answer: Question: The factors that influence and determine the quantity and quality of x-radiation to which the patient is exposed is called ____________.Answer: Exposure page Question: _______ is the primary control of the x-ray beam quality.Answer: Question: ________ controls ODAnswer: 3. mAs Question: A technique calls for 400 mA, 1/20 seconds. What is the mAs?Answer: 20 Question: A radiographic technique calls for 600 mA and 50 . What is the mAs?Answer: 30 Question: mA is a unit of current, and mAs is a unit of Answer: charge Question: T/F - The heel is caused by the angle of the anode.Answer: True Question: T/F - The intensity of the x-ray beam varies along the cathode-anode axis, with the maximum intensity being on the anode side, and the minimum intensity on the side. Answer: False Question: The mechanism on the x-ray tube that provides "stops" in a specific location is the Answer: Question:
A line that is to the long axis of the x-ray tube and is the center of the primary x-ray beam is the
Answer: central Question: the x-ray tube and line with lead is the Answer: tube Question: energy can be classified as either kinetic or Answer: potential Question:
X-rays consist of _______ energy
Answer: electromagnetic Question: X-rays with greater energy have a shorter ________ and are more penetrating. Answer: Question: Which of the following are statements regarding the characteristics of x-rays?
1. they are highly penetrating and invisible
2. they cause certain crystals to fluoresce
3. they travel in straight lines at the speed of light Answer: 1, 2, Question: The smallest possible unit of energy is the Answer: Question:
The common unit of measure for the potential difference the x-ray tube is the
Answer: kilovolt Question: The negative side of an x-ray tube is called the Answer: Question: The filaments in most modern x-ray tubes are by a focusing cup which serves to Answer: compress the stream Question: A modern dual focus x-ray tube contains
1. one . two anodes
3. one filament
4. two filamentsAnswer: 1 & Question: In a modern diagnostic x-ray tube, the majority of the energy of the electron stream is converted into _________ upon striking the anodeAnswer: Question: he of space charge created at the cathode is primarily controlled by the Answer: tube Question:
The heating of the filament in a x-ray tube results in the liberation of by a process termed
Answer: thermionic Question: Which of the following will effect spot size?
1. anode angle
2. filament size
3. rotational speed
4. prep time Answer: 1 & 2 Question: a modern rotating anode, the rotator motion is accomplished by the use of a/an
Answer: motor Question:
The principle method by which the space charge can increase in a modern tube is by employing a Answer: mA Question: The primary purpose of the envelope of an x-ray tube is to Answer: provide a Question: he protective housing of an x-ray tube is to Answer: hazard of leakage radiation Question: heel effect occurs because of
Answer: x-ray in the anode Question:
Small target angles result in of the following?
Answer: focal spot size Question: is the choice of material for x-ray anodes because of itsAnswer: high number Question:
The focal spot is
Answer: than the actual focal spot Question: Which of the following is a component of an induction motor?Answer: Question: Necessary property of x-ray target Answer: high melting Question: The anode angle of an x-ray tube is to give which of the following?Answer: higher heat Question: Based on this illustration of the bremsstrahlung emission , what was the kVp selected? Answer: arch came down at Question: How does the radiographer use the operating console to control the quality of x-ray produced? Answer: By kVp Question:
If a filament electron enters an atom with 100 keV, passes the nucleus, and exits with no kinetic energy, what is produced?
(the electron is influenced by the nucleus and all of its energy)
Answer: 100-keV Question: To find the energy of a characteristic photon, the outer shell binding energy is subtracted from the ________ binding energy of the shells involved.Answer: inner Question: On a x-ray emission spectrum, the discrete line is placed at: Answer: 69 keV Question:
Which are causes of x-ray tube failure?
(1) Excessive radiation
(2) Excessive and prolonged anode heating
(3) A high exposure on a cold anode
Answer: 2 and 3 only Question: Which support is the most common? Answer: support system Question: All are of the anode except:
1. electrical conductor,
2.mechanical support,
3.thermal dissipater
4.heat insulator Answer: Heat Question: The of radiation at a location is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from the source of radiation is a statement of the: Answer: square law Question: The average energy is represented by the _____ of the bell curve of a continuous spectrumAnswer: peak Question:
Which is added to the filament to increase the efficiency of thermionic emission and prolong the life of the x-ray tube?
Answer: Thorium Question:
Which may happen to projectile electrons when they target atoms?
(1) Create heat energy
(2) Produce bremsstrahlung x-rays
(3) Produce gamma rays
Answer: 1 and 2 only Question: Which type of x-rays is produced with the of each shell vacancy in the tungsten atom? Answer: Question: T/F -
In the diagnostic range, bremsstrahlung constitutes most of the x-ray beam.
Answer: True Question: T/F - is an expression of x-ray quality and conveys the ability of x-rays to pass through tissues. Answer: True Question: The efficiency of x-ray production is _______ the tube current.Answer: not Question: Most of the heat generated at the is due to Answer: shell excitation Question: At 55 kVp, _______ of the x-rays produced are bremsstrahlung. Answer: 100% Question: Bremsstrahlung x-rays are produced by ________ at the target.Answer: electrons Question: Characteristic x-rays are produced by _______.Answer: binding energy Question: The _____ is the source of radiation in the x-ray tube.Answer: spot Question: The mAs is usually set to give the _______ mA at the _____ time for protection of the patient. Answer: Question: A PA chest examination (120 kVp/3 mAs) is taken at a SID of 300 cm.
Calculate the new mAs needed if the same image is using a SID of 100 cm? Answer: 0.3 Question: T/F - Filtration of the x-ray beam x-ray quantity. Answer: False Question: T/F - Penetrability is an expression of x-ray quality and conveys the ability of x-rays to pass tissues. Answer: True Question: Which factors affect both x-ray quality and x-ray quantity?
(1) (2) Filtration
(3) kVp Answer: 2 and 3 only Question: Which factors affect x-ray quantity?
(1) (2) Filtration
(3) mAs Answer: 1, 2, and Question: term is used interchangeably with x-ray quantity? Answer: exposure Question: T/F - X-ray quality as kVp increasesAnswer: False Question: T/F - The hell effect is a factor that affects radiographic image quality.Answer: False Question: Large differences in the effective atomic number of adjacent tissues in: Answer: High contrast Question: Movement of the or x-ray tube causes: Answer: blur Question: The blurred region on the radiograph over which the technologist has control is: Answer: -spot blur Question: The that affect magnification are: Answer: OID and SID Question:
The formula SID ÷ SOD is used to :
Answer: Magnification Question: he only factor that affects subject that is under radiographer control is: Answer: kVp Question: The shape, position, and thickness of an object the: Answer: Distortion Question: The type of distortion caused by or foreshortening is: Answer: Shape Question: What is the on radiographic image quality if focal-spot size is increased? Answer: Increased -spot blur Question: Which affect the quality of a radiographic image?
(1) positioning
(2) Selection of technique factorsAnswer: 1 and Question: an Increase in OID will have an on Answer: magnification Question: when these increases, the radiographic quality will increase Answer: (1) Spatial resolution
(2) resolution Question:
Factors used to describe radiographic image include:Answer: (1) Optical density
(2) (3) Detail Question:
If an x-ray is underexposed, which technique change would be best to obtain optimal OD on the repeated image?
Answer: Double Question: In to minimize distortion in a radiographic image, the: Answer: Part is parallel to the image receptor Question: T/F - Using a large focal spot increases x-ray beam quality as compared to using a small spot. Answer: False Question: What is the of decreasing kVp on the x-ray beam? Answer: quality and penetrability Question: Which factor controls image contrast? Answer: kVp Question: image quality factor is controlled by mAs? Answer: OD - optical Question:
Which patient factors must be considering when setting technique?Answer: (1) Patient/part (2) Pathology
(3) Tissue composition Question: Which prime exposure factor the intensity of the x-ray beam at the IR?Answer: SID Question: Which term might be used to describe an x-ray image that has a few of gray with marked visible differences between the ODs? Answer: -scale contrast Question: Which would provide the detail in an x-ray image?Answer: (1) Small focal (2) Longer SID Question:
To apply the inverse square law, one must Answer: two and one intensity Question:
When mAs is increased, x-ray
Answer: increases Question: To maintain a optical density, what percentage of increase in kVp should be accompanied by a reduction of one half the mAs?Answer: 15% Question: As is added to an x-ray beam Answer: Low x-rays are removed more readily than high energy x-rays Question: X-rays of higher energy can be by increasing Answer: Question: To minimum magnification, one should do which of the following Answer: the anatomy close to the IR Question: A thin object at a long SID contributes least to image ____________?Answer: Question: What results from an object Answer: A image Question:
A radiograph that shows a relative lack of focal spot blur be
Answer: in detail Question:
Another term for focal spot blur is Answer: penumbra Question: Spatial resolution is principally affected by ______ _______ size.Answer: focal spot Question: Short exposure times are recommended for of the stomach to minimize what? Answer: motion blur Question: The chest represents high anatomy (high subject contrast). Therefore, what is most appropriate? Answer: high Question: A of optimizing contrast is to make Answer: detail Question: A shorter gray scale on a radiograph would be obtained by doing what when all factors remain the sameAnswer: reducing Question: Staring @ 60kVp, what new kVp would result in an optical density that is one half of the ? Answer: 51 Question: When a radiographic is changed from 22.5 mAs @ 100 cm SID to 200 cm SID, what is the new mAs?Answer: 90 Question: T/F - Radiographic density is the of blackening of an area of film.Answer: True Question: What primarily determines the in density on the finished radiographAnswer: characteristics of the body Question: 80 kVp at 20 mAs is a set of that would produce Answer: greatest Question: What to density with decreases in tissue thickness?Answer: Question: The greater the OID, the greater the chance of scatter photons missing the image receptor, thereby _________ contrast. Answer: Question:
An abdomen image exhibits motion when using 70 kVp, and 0.40 sec. Which of the following is the proper correction?
Answer: 70 kVp, 400 mA and 0.1 Question: grayer overall with less between each shade of gray is considered Answer: low Question: Which set of factors will provide the lowest -
60 kVp @ 40 mAs
or
90 kVp @ 5 mAsAnswer: 90 kVp @ 5 Question: The higher the kVp, the ________ the scale of contrastAnswer: Question: The longer the SID (within reason), the _________ the image. Answer: Question: The inverse law applies to which of the following sources?
a. Gamma Ray
b. Plane
c. Point
d. Ultrasound
e. X-ray Answer: Question: The inverse square law is a result of ______.Answer: Question: The control of exposure time is always:
a. Automatically set
b. Determined by kVp
c. On the side of the auto-transformer
d. On the primary side of the the high-voltage transformerAnswer: d. On the side of the the high-voltage transformer Question: The 3 principle parts of an x-ray system are:Answer: X-ray tube, console,& high voltage generator Question: The large filament is used during radiography when the heat load is _______ and visibility of is ________ important.Answer: High, Question: Why are 2 filaments in a x-ray tube?Answer: To provide 2 spots Question: The main for using the line focus principle is to?Answer: Reduce focal spot Question: What is the advantage of the rotating over the stationary anode tube? Answer: heat capacity Question: Useful characteristic x-rays are in tungsten by the Answer: of K-shell electrons Question: What is produced when an projectile electron excites an outer-shell ? Answer: Heat Question: Bremsstrahlung radiation is produced by conversion of _________ __________ kinetic energy to ___________ energy. Answer: projectile electron, Question: When a bremsstrahlung x-ray is produced a projectile electron _______ _____.Answer: energy Question: When distance is increased, x-ray quantity at that distance decreases in proportion to the ______ _______.Answer: squared Question: Another meaning of x-ray quantity is x-ray _________.Answer: Question: When filtration is to the x-ray tube which of the following increases?
a. Radiation output
b. Radiation quality
c. Radiation quantity
d. SIDAnswer: Radiation Question: Higher effective of the x-ray beam is created when:Answer: filtration is Question: The purpose of a wedge filter is to produce a uniform x-ray beam __________ at the ____ .Answer: intensity, Question: What scattering to image noise? Answer: scattering Question: Which of the occurs in a Compton interaction?
a. An atom is excited
b. An atom is ionized
c. An photon has increased wavelength
d. Kinetic energy is doubled. Answer: b. An atom is Question: After Compton scattering the x-rays have:Answer: wavelength Question: The probability that an x-ray will undergo Compton interactions decreases with Answer: x-ray Question: Compton-scatter x-rays have _______ energy than the incident x-ray. Answer: Question: Which of the following has the lowest effective atomic number?
a. Air
b. Bone
c. Fat
d. Lung
e. Answer: c. Fat Question: During a photoelectric interaction an ______ is emitted from the atom. Answer: Question: The radiographic image is formed by Answer: interactions Question: Differential absorption is the difference between the x-rays that are _____ and those that are ________.Answer: , transmitted Question: As kVp increases, the relative number of x-rays that interact with tissue ________.Answer: Question: Differential absorption between lung and soft occurs principally because of the difference in Answer: mass Question: When radiographic detail cannot be obtained because of large OID, what can be changed in technique will improve detail? Answer: SID Question: What is the thing that will reduce motion blur? Answer: Proper patient Question: Longer gray-scale on an image can be by doing what? Answer: kVp Question: What features does long gray-scale have?Answer: Many shades of gray that have differences. |
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