In each blank, try to type in the
word that is missing. If you've
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If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: Two main structured divisions of the system.Answer: Central nervous system and the peripheral system. Question: Nervous SystemAnswer: is made up of the brain and spinal cord. it occupies a medial positon in the body and is for interperting incomming sensory info and issuing instructions based on past experiences. Question: nervous system:Answer: contains 2 main : the somatic nervous system (sends messages from the cns to the skeletal muscles) and the autonomic system, aka the involuntary nervous system, because it's actions take place without concious control. Question: Answer: transmitter cells, carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord. it is the basic nerve cell of the nervous system and is composed of the cell body, axon and . Question: the cell Answer: contains a nucleus surrounded by Question: the Answer: cylindric extension of a nerve cell that conducts impulses away from the cell body Question: Answer: branching structures that extend from a cel body and impulses. Question: between each neuron there is a gap called the _____________. Nerve impulses are transmitted through the action of a neurotransmitter.Answer: Question: Answer: the largest part of the . it is the outer porton composed of gray matter and is called the cerebral cortex. It also holds the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital bloe. It controls movement on the opposite side of body. Question: brain Answer: is located at the base of the brain and the midbrain (responsible for motor movement and the relay of impulses, auditory and visual reflexes). Pons (sends impulses to the structures that are inferior and superior to it.) Question: the stem also includes the:Answer: medula oblangata which controls the beat rythem of breathing, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting and hiccups. Question: Answer: is the second largest portion of the brain. it is for coordination of voluntary movement and maintenance of balance, equilibrim and muscle tone. Question: spinal Answer: has two main : conducts impulses to an from the brain, and serves as a center for reflex actions. Question: nervesAnswer: the motor nerves, sensory nerves, and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord. It is composed of 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and 12 pairs of cranial nerves, and the autonomic nervous system. Question: cerebrospinal Answer: fluid that surrounds the brain and Question: What does the peripheral nervous contain?Answer: The PNS the motor nerves, sensory nerves, and ganglia outside of the brain and the spinal cord composed of 31 pairs of spinal nerfes, 12 pairs of cranial nerves and the autonomic nerveous system. Question: Spinal Answer: has 31 pairs. They transmit sensory information to the spinal cord through the afferent neurons and motor info from the CNS to the areas of the body through efferent neurons. Question: nervesAnswer: 12 pair. They impulses between the head, neck, and brain excluding the vagus nerve which serves organs in the thoracic and abd cavities. Question: autonomic Nervous Answer: control the activities of the smooth muscle, muscle and all glands. It maintains internal homeostasisi and has two divisions. Question: Two of the Autonomic Nervous System:Answer: sympathetic nervous and parasympathetic system. Question: Sympathetic SystemAnswer: Contorl the fight or flight response. hightened bp, hr and secretions. Question: parasympathetic Nervous Answer: Calms the body, slows the heart beat, decreases bp and hormone output. Question: Physiological changes that in the nervous system with aging:Answer: Loss of brain weight and a substantial loss of neurons. Genreal decline in interconnections of dendrites, reduction in cerebral blood flow, decrease in brain metabolism and 02 utilization. altered sleep/wake ratio, decrease in to reg body temp. Question: More physiological changes that occur in the system with aging:Answer: A decrease in the velocity of nerve impulses, blood supply to the spinal cord is decreased resulting in reflexes. Question: The Glascow Coma Answer: System for assessing the degree of conciousness, or impairment in the criticall ill and for predicting the duration + outcome of coma, particulary w/ head . Question: What are the three of the Glascow Coma Scale?Answer: 1. eye opening 2. best motor response 3. best verbal response.non-neurological impaired 14-16lowest is 38 or less is a coma Question: History:Answer: symptoms experiences, pt understanding and perception of what is happening, look for s/s of: headaches, clumsiness loss of function in extremity, change in acuity, new or worsened seizure activity, numbness, tingling, personality changes, fatigue. Question: Assess Mental :Answer: orientation, mood, , general knowledge, short and long term memory, attention span, ability to concerntrate and a change in LOC. Question: Language and Speech:Answer: look for , and dysarthria Question: Assess Motor :Answer: gait, muscle tone, coordination, involuntary movements, and stretch reflexes. Question: Assess Cranial __________.Answer: Question: Prevention of neurological :Answer: avoid durgs and ETOH, save use of cars, safe swimming practices, safte storage of , use hard hats w/ construction, safe sex, and protective equip w/ sports. Question: 5 S/S of ICP:Answer: 1. visual changes and headaches. 2. change in LOC and blown pupil. 3. widended pressure, increased BP, bradycardia, and hyperflexia. 4. vomiting 5. papilledema (choked eye disc) Question: NSG for ICP:Answer: elivate HOB 30-45 degrees to promote venous return, place neck in neutral , avoid flexion of hip as well as head, restrict fluids, avoid vaslavas manuever, insert foley, admin o2 via mask or cannula, and increase body temp. Question: Tonic Clonic (Grand-Mal) :Answer: loss of conciousness and falling to floor. signs: aura, cry, loss of , fall, tonic clonic movements, incontinennce, cyanosis, excessive salvation, tongue or cheek biting. posticatal peroid: need 1-2hr for sleep after. Question: (Petite-Mal)SeizureAnswer: usually during childhood and decreases with age. Sudden LOC w/ little or no tonic clonic movement, occurs without warning, and appears a few hours after arising or when pt is quiet. Signs: vacant facial expression w/ eyes focused straight ahead. Question: Psychomotor (austomatisms) :Answer: occurs at any age. characherstics; change in awareness assoc w/ complex disorientation of and tingking and partially coordinated motor activity. signs: behaves as if partially concious, appears drunk, may do anti-social things, incont. sleep nee Question: Focal (local or partial):Answer: occurs in pt w/ disease. Characteristerics: depends on site or focus. may or May not be aggressive. Signs: Commonly start in hand, foot, or face. May end in toinc clonic. aura, numbness ingling, crawling feeling and post pandrial peroid. Question: for ICP:Answer: duauretics, and steriods such as decadron and also phenabarbatual Question: painAnswer: pain that is and does not respond to treatment. Question: non-surgical of neuro pain controlAnswer: TENS, cord stimulation, nerve block, and medication Question: 3 Classic Sx of Parkinson's :Answer: , rigidity, and bradykenesia Question: 's DiseaseAnswer: degenerative caused by the depletion of dopamine that interferes with the inhibition of excitatory impulses which results in a dysfunction of the extrea pyramidal system. It is slow and progressive results in a crippling disability. Question: 's Can Result In:Answer: Falls, self-care deficits, depression and of body systems. Question: Alterations With 's Include:Answer: Alterations in muscle tone and function, sensory and function, propriception, and agnosia, as well as seizures. Question: propriceptionAnswer: the ability to discern the position of the body and its parts without directly at them. Question: Answer: the inability to recognize familiar . Question: The Gold Test For Dx MS:Answer: Is an MRI, because they can see the lesions on the cord. Question: Sclerosis (MS)Answer: Chronic progressive noncontagious disease of the myelin sheath. The is unknown but thought to be r/t and autoimmune response or viral infection. Onset is 20-40 usually, and consists of peroids of remission and exacerbation Question: Sclerosis Cont:Answer: It varies in severity and location, the degree of disability varies, medical management meds and assistive devices. Question: Alzheimer's Answer: Chronic degenerative disease of unknown cause gradual rogressive decline of cognition and may begin early 40-50y. Major cause of in the elderly. Early sx: deline in short term memory change in speech, judgement and behavior. Question: charastics of Alzheimer's :Answer: bradykinesia, muscular , imbalance, altered VS with changes in positon. Question: Assessments Of Alzheimer's :Answer: pill-rolling movement of one or both , rigitiy or stiffness of extremities, loss of coordination and balance, shuffling gait, toooped posture, restlessness and pacing, masklike face, slow low voice, drooling, lack of posture adjustment. Question: RPR Test For Sphylisys R/T 's:Answer: MD's test for to rule it out when looking at a posible dx for alzheimers. Question: NSG Interventions For 'sAnswer: are pallative. safety: alarms on doors etc, respite for care givers, megace to increase appetiete, and Aricept or Nemendia to try and slow the . Question: Myasthenia Answer: neuromuscular disease characterized by weakness and abnormal fatigue of the voluntary muscles often first seen in eye function. There is a defect in the transmission of nerve impulses at the myoneural junction. thought to be autoimmune. Question: Questionable Causes Of Myasthenia Include:Answer: insufficient secretion of acetylcholine! Excessive secretion cholinesterase. of the muscle fibers to acetycholine- a neuro transmitter. And thymic dysfunction in 10-70% of pt. Question: Progressive Symptoms Of Myasthenia :Answer: attentiveness, long term loss, lack of hygiene, inability to recognize the familiar, ultimately unable to communicate or proform voluntary motor functions. Question: diagnostic tests for Gravis:Answer: No known tests are available at this time. Question: Interventions for Myasthenia Gravis:Answer: No known tx. Education and supportive care, slow calm manner, responds more readily to tone of voice and gestures than to . Question: S/S Of Myasthenia :Answer: weakness and , difficulty chewing, dysphagia, ptosis, diplopia, weak, hoarse voice, difficulty breathing, diminished breath sounds, resp paralysis and failure. the pt will eventually die. Question: Myasthenia Gravis is currently to be:Answer: a disruption of the nerve signal to the receptors on the muscle , d/t antibody attack on ACh receptor sites. The Tyumus is heavily implicaited. Question: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, AKA Lou Gehrig's :Answer: Progressive degererative disease involving the motor system. Sensory and systems not involved. Mental status does not change as a result of this disease. Death from respiratory infection 2ndary to compromised resp. function. Question: Death ususally occurs within ______ years of onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, aka lou gerig's disease.Answer: 5 Question: People are usually dx with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, AKA Lou Gehrig's disease in their ____________.Answer: Mid 30's to 70's. Question: Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis, AKA Lou Gehrig's disease is 3x more like to effect _________ than ____________.Answer: than females. Question: S/S of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis:Answer: clumsyness, weakness, hard to climb stairs, difficulty with and swallowing. Question: Myasthenic Answer: an acute of disease caused by inadequate amount of meds, infection fatigue or stress. Question: Treatment of Crisis:Answer: anticholinesterase medications. Question: A Myasthenic Crisis can occur when a patient is __________________________.Answer: physiologically Question: CrisisAnswer: Caused by overmedication with . Treatment: hold medication and give atropine if ordered. Question: Tensilon Answer: Used to MG and to differentite between myasthenic crisis and cholinergic crisis. Question: Huntington's (too much dopamine):Answer: Genetically transmitted and it affects both men and women. basal ganglia and the extrapyramidal motor system. Onset 35-40y, and is genetically transmitted. Question: charastics of 's disease:Answer: abnormal and excessive involuntary movements (writing & twisting fo face, limbs and body) deterioration of netal , no cure treatment is pallative. Question: Bell's (facial paralysis)Answer: leower motor neuron lesion of the 7th cranial nerve that may occur as a result of trauma, hemorrhage, meningitis, or a turmor. Causes paralysis of one side of the face. recovery happens within a few weeks. Posible cause herpes simplex 1. Question: Bell's Palsy Nsg :Answer: protect the eyes. Eyes can be excessively dry or teary. tinnitus can . Question: Trigeminal Answer: Very painful sensory disorder. , recurrent, sharp facial pain along the 5th nerve. Caused by degeneration of or pressure on nerve. Cause unknown. Also called tic Douloureux. Question: Guillian-Barre (polyneuritis)Answer: Acute infectious neuronitis of the cranial and peripheral nerves. Immune system overacts to the infection/ myelin sheath. usually preceded by mild upper resp infection or gastritis. Question: -Barre S/SAnswer: starts with weakness of lower extremities and gradually progresses to upper extremities and facial muscles. Recovery is slow and can take . Question: Major Nursing Concern for -Barre syndrome (polyneritis)Answer: Problems. Question: kernig's Answer: the to extend legs. Question: brudzinski's Answer: flexin of the hip and when neck is flexed Question: Answer: inflammation of the lining of the brain and cord Question: of mengitisAnswer: and viral organisms ther eis also fungal and protozoal meningitis. Question: Factors To MeningitisAnswer: spread/ close living quarters. sinus infections- cocaine use, skull fractures or brain or spinal injury, use of nasal sprays on compromised immune system. Question: of meningitisAnswer: severe headach, fever, confusion, seizures and coma, nuchal rigidity, lethargy and Question: of meningitisAnswer: diagnosed by puncture where the CSF is analized for organisms. Question: Treatment of Answer: big of antiboitics and primary preventions: vaccine. Question: agnosiaAnswer: the inability to objects by sight Question: dysgraphiaAnswer: difficulty Question: dysarthriaAnswer: slurred Question: nuchalAnswer: Question: diplopiaAnswer: -eyed Question: nystagmusAnswer: rapid shaking of the Question: Answer: field cut (see only 1/2) Question: hemianopsiaAnswer: field cut both eyes Question: Answer: difficulty Question: ataxiaAnswer: impared ability to coordinate Question: agnosiaAnswer: to recognize objects by sight Question: aneurysmAnswer: a localized of the wall fo a blood vessle Question: Answer: an abnormal condition in which lang function is deffective or absent becasue of injury ot certian areas of the cerebral Question: apraxiaAnswer: of the ability to preform purposful acts or to use objects properly Question: ataxiaAnswer: impaired ability to coordinate Question: auraAnswer: sensation of light or warmth that may the onset of a migrane or seizure. Question: Answer: abnormal sloweness of voluntary movements and Question: Answer: double Question: Answer: difficult poorly articulated speech resulting from interference in the control over the of speech Question: dysphagiaAnswer: difficulty Question: flaccidAnswer: weak, soft and flabby muscles normal tone Question: Answer: deffective or blindness 1/2 visual field Question: hyperreflexiaAnswer: neurologic condition by increased reflexes and reactions. Question: Answer: involuntary rythmic of the eyes Question: Answer: a lesser degree of deficit from partial or imcomplete parylisis Question: peroidAnswer: a rest peroid of variable after a seizure. Question: to feed someone with a stroke or brain injury it can be better to have them ________________ while eating.Answer: tuck chin. Question: In an baby this test is normal, in an it is not normal.Answer: 's Test. |
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