Pharmacology Fill In The Blanks

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Question: The movement of a substance through a cell membrane against the osmotic gradient; that is, from an area of lesser concentration to an area of concentration (opposite to the normal direction of diffusion)Answer: active

Question: pertaining to the neurotransmitter Answer: adrenergic

Question: force of between a medication and receptorAnswer: affinity

Question: medication that binds to a and causes it to initiate an expected responseAnswer: agonist

Question: medication that binds to a receptor and some of its effects but blocks othersAnswer: -antagonist

Question: the absence of the of painAnswer:

Question: the absence of all Answer: anesthesia

Question: medication that binds to a receptor but does not it to initiate the expected responseAnswer: antagonist

Question: test that determines the amount of purity of a given chemical in a preparation in the Answer: assay

Question: the part of the nervous that controls involuntary actionsAnswer: ganglia

Question: test to ascertain a medication's availability in a biological Answer: bioassay

Question: amount of medication that is still available after it reaches its tissueAnswer:

Question: relative therapeutic effectiveness of equivalent medicationsAnswer:

Question: time the body takes to one-half of a medicationAnswer: half-life

Question: special name given to the of a medicationAnswer:

Question: tight junctions in the capillary endothelial cells in the central nervous system vasculature through which only non-protein-bound, lipid-soluble medications can passAnswer: blood-brain

Question: in which carrier proteins transport large molecules across the cell-membrane Answer: diffusion

Question: pertaining to the neurotransmitter Answer: cholinergic

Question: one medication binding to a and causing the expected effect while also blocking another medication from triggering the same receptorAnswer: competitive

Question: the movement of or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentrationAnswer: diffusion

Question: medication packages that contain a single dose for a patientAnswer: dose

Question: of a medication or hormone to a target cell receptor that causes the number of receptors to decreaseAnswer: down-regulation

Question: foreign substance into the human bodyAnswer: drugs

Question: length of time the of medication remains above its minimum effective concentrationAnswer: of action

Question: a medication's ability to the expected responseAnswer:

Question: of a medication through the gastrointestinal tractAnswer: enteral

Question: common side effects, of antipsychotic medications, including muscle and parkinsonism-like effectsAnswer: extrapyramidal

Question: movement of water out of the plasma across the capillary membrane into the interstitial space; movement of molecules across a from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressureAnswer:

Question: the liver's partial or complete inactivation of a medication before it reaches the circulationAnswer: first-pass

Question: proportion of a medication in the body to cause either desired or undesired effectsAnswer: free drug

Question: electrically charged or polarAnswer:

Question: a competitive antagonism permanently binds with a receptor Answer: antagonism

Question: agents used in the diagnosis, , or prevention of disease. Answer: medications

Question: the total changes that take place physiologic processes; the body's breaking down of chemicals into different chemicalsAnswer: metabolism

Question: minimum level of medication needed to cause a effectAnswer: minimum effective

Question: specialized between a nerve cell and the organ or tissue it innervatesAnswer: neuroeffector

Question: nerve cell; cell that transmits electrical Answer:

Question: chemical messenger that conducts a impulse across a synapseAnswer: neurotransmitter

Question: the binding of an antagonist causes a deformity of the binding site that an agonist from fitting and bindingAnswer: noncompetitive

Question: the time from administration until a medication reaches its minimum concentration Answer: onset of

Question: movement of a solvent in a from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration Answer:

Question: medication or other substance that blocks on the actions of the parasympathetic nervous systemAnswer:

Question: medication or other substance that effects like those of the parasympathetic nervous systemAnswer:

Question: delivery of a medication outside the gastrointestinal tract; typically needlesAnswer: parenteral

Question: of a substance without the use of energyAnswer: transport

Question: how a medication interacts with the body to its effectsAnswer:

Question: how a is absorbed, distributed, metabolized (biotransformed), and excreted; how medications are transported into and out of the bodyAnswer:

Question: the study of and their interactions with the bodyAnswer:

Question: barrier at the maternal-fetal interface that restricts certain molecules Answer: barrier

Question: describes the length, onset, duration, and termination of action, as well as the medication's minimum effective concentration and levelsAnswer: plasma-level

Question: nerve fibers that extend from the autonomic ganglia to the tissuesAnswer: nerves

Question: nerve fibers that exit the central nervous system and in the autonomic gangliaAnswer: nerves

Question: that is not active when it is administered, but whose biotransformation converts it into active metabolitesAnswer:

Question: medication that best demonstrates the 's common properties and illustrates its particular characteristicsAnswer:

Question: specialized protein that combines with a medication resulting in a effectAnswer: receptor

Question: chemical that participates in complex cascading reactions that causes a medication's desired effectsAnswer: messenger

Question: state of decreased and inhibitionsAnswer:

Question: response to a medicationAnswer: side

Question: medication or other substance that the actions of the sympathetic nervous systemAnswer: sympatholytic

Question: medication or other substance that causes effects like those of the sympathetic systemAnswer:

Question: minute space between nerve Answer:

Question: medication that may deform or kill a Answer: drug

Question: time from when the 's level drops below its minimum effective concentration until it is eliminated from the bodyAnswer: termination of

Question: when a medication the formation of more receptors than normalAnswer: up-regulation

Question: flexible, clear plastic tubing that connects IV solution to the IV Answer: administration

Question: air in the Answer: air

Question: breakable glass vessel liquid medicationAnswer: ampule

Question: cleansing that is not toxic to living tissueAnswer: antiseptic

Question: a condition free of Answer:

Question: medications through the mucous membranes of the ear and ear canalAnswer: medications

Question: administration tubing that contains a filter to prevent clots or other from entering the patientAnswer: blood

Question: mass of medicationAnswer: bolus

Question: between the cheek and the Answer: buccal

Question: calibrated chamber of Buretrol IV administration that enables precise measurement and delivery of fluids and medication solutionsAnswer: burette

Question: needle used to puncture a veinAnswer:

Question: surgical of the internal jugular, subclavian, or femoral veinAnswer: venous access

Question: an excess in intravascular volumeAnswer: overload

Question: intravenous solution containing large that cannot pass through capillary membranesAnswer: colloidal

Question: per volume (example: 5mg in 15 mL)Answer: concentration

Question: intravenous solution that contains electrolytes but lacks the larger associated with a colloidAnswer: crystalloid

Question: cleansing solution that is to living tissueAnswer: disinfectant

Question: the amount of medication in a solutionAnswer: dosage on

Question: clear plastic chamber that allows visualization of the drip Answer: drip

Question: device that regulates the size of Answer: drop

Question: foreign particle in the Answer:

Question: IV tubing used to extend a macrodrip or microdrip Answer: set

Question: of fluid or medication from the blood vessel that is commonly found with infiltration Answer: extravasation

Question: outside the Answer:

Question: the size of a 's diamaterAnswer:

Question: needle that has an opening on the side of the shaft instead of the Answer: Huber

Question: state in which a solution has a higher solute concentration on one side of a semipermeable membrane than on the sideAnswer:

Question: state in a solution has a lower solute concentration on one side of a semipermeable membrane that on the other sideAnswer: hypotonic

Question: hollow metal tube used with the to administer medicationsAnswer: hypodermic

Question: medication delivered through a veinAnswer: infusion

Question: gravity-flow device that the fluid's passage through an electromechanical pumpAnswer: infusion

Question: that delivers fluids and medications under positive pressureAnswer: pump

Question: the dermal layer of the skinAnswer: intradermal

Question: within the Answer: intramuscular

Question: in the boneAnswer:

Question: puncture of a vein to deliver medication or withdraw bloodAnswer: intravenous

Question: state in which solutions on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane are in concentrationAnswer:

Question: administration tubing that delivers a relatively amount of fluidAnswer: tubing

Question: careful handling to prevent . (process commonly used in prehospital medicine)Answer: medically

Question: administration tubing that delivers a small amount of fluidAnswer: tubing

Question: vial with two containers, one holding a medication and the other holding a liquid mixing solutionAnswer: nonconstituted vial

Question: medications through the mucous membranes of the eyeAnswer: ocular

Question: catheter enclosing a sharp metal styletAnswer: over-the-needle

Question: surgical puncture of a vein in the arm, leg, or Answer: peripheral access

Question: line threaded into the circulation via a peripheral siteAnswer: PICC

Question: syringe packaged in a tamperproof container with the medication already in the Answer: syringe

Question: sharp-pointed device inserted into the IV solution bag's administration set Answer:

Question: a strict form of infection control that is based on the assumption that all and other body fluids are infectiousAnswer: Precautions

Question: free of all of lifeAnswer: sterile

Question: the layer of loose connective tissue between the skin and Answer: subcutaneous

Question: the tongueAnswer:

Question: medication packaged in a soft, pliable form for insertion in the Answer: suppository

Question: plastic tube with liquids medications can be drawn up, stored, and injectedAnswer: syringe

Question: the bodyAnswer:

Question: inflammation of the Answer:

Question: clotAnswer: thrombus

Question: material applied to the skin or membranesAnswer: medications

Question: through the skinAnswer:

Question: use of high frequency sound waves to images of internal body structuresAnswer:

Question: device that holds blood Answer: vacutainer

Question: surgically implanted port that repeated access to central venous circulationAnswer: venous access

Question: plastic or container with a self-sealing rubber topAnswer: vial

Question: a drug that is unique to the individualAnswer:

Question: decreased response to the same amount of drug after administrationsAnswer:

Question: tolerance for a drug that develops after administration of a drugAnswer: tolerance

Question: rapidly occurring tolerance to a drug. May after a single dose Answer: tachyphylaxis

Question: effectiveness when a drug is given in several dosesAnswer: effect

Question: patient becomes accustomed to the drug's presence in the body and will suffer from withdrawal on its absenceAnswer: drug

Question: the effects of one drug the response to another drugAnswer: drug

Question: the effects on one drug the response to another drugAnswer: drug

Question: two drugs that both have the same effect are given (1+1=2)Answer: summation

Question: two drugs that both have the same effect are given together and produce a response than the sum of their individual responses (1+1=3)Answer:

Question: one drug enhances the of anotherAnswer:

Question: the direct biochemical interaction between two drugs; one drug the pharmacology of another drugAnswer: interference

Question: of a medication's lethal dose for 50 percent of the population to its effective dose for 50 percent of the populationAnswer: therapeutic

Question: solute concentration or pressure relative to the blood plasma or body cellsAnswer: tonicity

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