In each blank, try to type in the
word that is missing. If you've
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If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: How many cervical bones are found in the adult column?Answer: 7 Question: How many thoracic bones are found in the adult vertebral ?Answer: 12 Question: How many lumbar are found in the adult vertebral column?Answer: 5 Question: How many segments or bones are found in the adult body? How many in the infant body?Answer: 1; 5 Question: How many coccygeal segments or bones are found in the body? How many in the newborn body?Answer: 1; 4 (avg) Question: How many total separate bones are in the adult vertebral column? Answer: 26 Question: How many total separate are found in newborn vertebral column?Answer: Question: Where are the two or posterior convex curves seen in the vertebral column?Answer: , sacral Question: Where are the two or compensating concave curves in the vertebral column?Answer: cervical, Question: A that is rounded inward or depressed (from a posterior perspective) of the vertebral column.Answer: Question: A that is rounded outward or elevated from the surface (posterior perspective) of the vertebral column.Answer: convex Question: What compensatory curve forms as a child begins to their head and sit up?Answer: curvature Question: What curve develops when children learn to walk?Answer: curvature Question: Which curves are more in women than men?Answer: inferior curves, lumbar and Question: An abnormal, or , "sway back" lumbar curvature.Answer: Question: An or exaggerated lateral curvature seen in the thoracolumbar spine.Answer: Question: An abnormal or exaggerated thoracic "humpback" .Answer: Question: of the spine is always abnormal. True/FalseAnswer: false, only if Question: The two main of a typical vertebra are:Answer: body, vertebral Question: The two bony aspects of the vertebral arch that extend posteriorly from each to join at the midlineAnswer: Question: What foramina are created by two notches on the superior and inferior aspects of the pedicles?Answer: Question: The , or passageway, for the spinal cord.Answer: canal Question: Where does the cord begin?Answer: oblongata of the brain Question: The downward extension of the cord is located where?Answer: lower L1 Question: The ending of the spinal cord.Answer: medullaris Question: Which structures pass through the intervertebral ?Answer: nerves, blood vessels Question: The thick, weight-bearing part of the vertebra.Answer: Question: Why are the superior and inferior of the body rough and flat?Answer: attachment of the disks Question: What posteriorly from the vertebral body?Answer: a ring or Question: The circular opening formed by the posterior of the body and the vertebral arch.Answer: foramen Question: What is the tubelike opening formed by the sucession of formina as a result of stacked vertebrae?Answer: vertebral Question: What does the canal do?Answer: encloses and the spinal cord Question: What extends posteriorly from either side of the body and forms most of the sides of the vertebral arch? (superior perspective)Answer: Question: What are the two flat layers of bone that form the posterior part of the vertebral arch? (superior perspective)Answer: Question: What extends posteriorly from each to unite in the midline? (superior perspective)Answer: lamina Question: The projection that extends laterally from approximately the junction of each pedicle and . (superior perspective)Answer: transverse Question: The projection that extends posteriorly at the midline junction of the two laminae and most posterior extension of the vertebrae. (superior )Answer: process Question: From a lateral perspective, the posterior extensions directly off the vertebral body and are on each side.Answer: Question: From a lateral perspective, where do the terminate?Answer: area of the process Question: From a lateral perspective, what continues from the origin of the transverse process on each side?Answer: two Question: Where does the end, from a lateral perspective?Answer: at the process Question: How many processes are there?Answer: 4 (2 , 2 inferior) Question: What do the articular formulate?Answer: important joints of the column Question: What is the main part of a typical vertebra?Answer: joints Question: How many joint types are in the vertebral ?Answer: Question: The joints found between the bodies.Answer: intervertebral Question: What is located within the intervertebral joints and are tightly bound to adjacent vertebral bodies for spinal but allow for flexibility and movement of the vertebral column?Answer: disks Question: The joints located the superior and inferior articular processes.Answer: zygapophyseal Question: The term used to the articulating surface.Answer: facet Question: The joints located along a portion of the vertebral column and articulates with the ribs to the vertebra. Answer: joints Question: The of a facet, located on the body of a thoracic vertebra, with the head of a rib.Answer: joint Question: The articulation of a facet, located on a transverse process of the thoracic , with the tubercle of a rib.Answer: joint Question: The half moon-shaped area along the upper surface of each pedicle. (left/right)Answer: superior notch Question: The half moon-shaped area along the lower surface of each pedicle. (left/right)Answer: vertebral notch Question: The opening formed by the alignment of the and inferior vertebral notches when the vertebraes are stacked. (4th aspect of vertebral column)Answer: intervertebral Question: Where are the foramina located?Answer: between two vertebrae Question: How many foramen (foramina) are located between every two vertebrae?Answer: 2, one on each Question: What passes through the intervertebral ?Answer: spinal nerves and blood vessels Question: adult vertebrae are separated by tough fibrocartilaginous disks between every two vertebra. True/False Answer: , not between C1 and C2 as C1 has no body Question: What is the of the intervertebral disks?Answer: provide a resilient cushion between the and help absorb shock during movement of the spine Question: What is the fibrous portion of the intervertebral disk?Answer: fibrosus Question: What is the soft, inner part of the intervertebral disk?Answer: pulposus Question: What happens when the soft portion of the intervertebral disk, nucleus pulposes, protrudes through the outer fibrous layer, annulus fibrosus,of the intervertebral disk?Answer: it presses on the spinal cord and causes severe pain and numbness that radiates into the lower Question: Name the condition when the soft inner portion of the intervertebral disk, nucleus , protrudes through the outer fibrous layer, annulus fibrosus,of the intervertebral disk.Answer: disk Question: The condition a "slipped disk" is correctly referred to what?Answer: herniated nucleus (HNP) Question: The zygapophyseal of all cervical vertebrae are visualized only in a true lateral position. True/FalseAnswer: false Question: What joints of the cervical spine are visualized on a true AP projection?Answer: C1-C2 Question: What joints of the cervical spine are visualized on a true lateral projection?Answer: C3-C7 Question: What is the column?Answer: a complex succession of many called vertebrae Question: Where is the of the vertebral column?Answer: provide a flexible column for the trunk and head and also transmit the weight of the trunk and upper body to the lower limbs Question: Where is the vertebral located?Answer: midsagittal plane, forming the posterior or dorsal asapect of the bony of the body Question: As vertebrae are stacked vertically, openings in each vertebra line up to create what?Answer: a vertical spinal canal Question: What does the spinal contain?Answer: the spinal Question: What is the canal filled with?Answer: cerebrospinal Question: What is the most common site for a lumbar puncture into the spinal canal to avoid the spinal cord?Answer: of L3-L4 Question: How many divisions are in the canal?Answer: 5; cervical, thoracic, lumbar, , coccyx Question: How many cervical are in the vertebral column?Answer: Question: How many thoracic vertebrae are in the column?Answer: Question: What are the unique characteristics of the vertebrae?Answer: transverse , bifid spinous process tips, overlapping vertebral bodies Question: The cervical are all the same size. True/FalseAnswer: , they continue to get larger progressing down to the seventh cervical vertebra Question: vertebrae are considered "typical" vertebrae?Answer: C3-C6 Question: What is term used to describe the first vertebra, C1?Answer: Question: Where was the term "atlas" for C1 from?Answer: a Greek god who bore the world upon his Question: What is the distinquishing of C1?Answer: it has no body but a thick arch of bone the anterior arch which includes a small anterior tubercle Question: What the two laminae and spinous process, found in typical vertebrae, on C1?Answer: posterior arch that includes a posterior tubercle Question: What is another term used to the second vertebra, C2?Answer: axis Question: What is the most distinctive of C2?Answer: dens; process Question: What is the dens, or process?Answer: a conical process that up from the superior surface of the vertebra body of C2 Question: What is the dens ?Answer: body of C1; to C2 during development Question: What the dens in place to C1?Answer: atlantal ligament Question: What is to the left and of C1?Answer: superior articular Question: What is the depressed surface of the left and right superior articular processes on C1 called?Answer: facet Question: What is the purpose of the superior facet on the right and left superior articular of C1?Answer: articulation with the right and left occipital condyles of the skull Question: What are the articulations/joints between C1 and the condyles of the skull called?Answer: atlantooccipital Question: The segments of bone between the superior and inferior processes of a typical vertebra.Answer: pillars Question: The of bone between the superior and inferior articular process of C1.Answer: lateral Question: The lateral mass of C1 is the most bulky and part. What is it's purpose?Answer: support the weight of the head and assist in rotation of the Question: Where does the rotation of the head occur?Answer: between C1 and Question: What acts as a for rotation of the head?Answer: Question: What assists the dens with of the head?Answer: superior articular that articulate with the skull Question: What type of stress might fracture of the dens?Answer: forced flexion-hyperextension "whiplash" type of Question: Why is the relationship of C1 and C2 and the of C1 tothe base of the skull clinically important?Answer: injury this high in the spinal canal can result in serious and death Question: What does the AP open demonstrate?Answer: C1 and Question: Why is the anterior arch of C1, lies in front of the dens, not clearly visible on an xray image?Answer: it is a thin piece of bone compared with the , more dense den Question: The articulations between C2 and C1, the joints, and the relationship of the dens to C1 must be perfectly symmetric. What would render these areas asymmetric?Answer: injury and positioning Question: What is another term used to describe the vertebra, C7?Answer: prominens Question: What section of the vertebral column does C7 most ?Answer: thoracic, spinous process is extra long and more horizontal than the cervical vertebrae Question: What is the palpable bony landmark of the cervical column, where is it located and what is it's ?Answer: spinous of C7, base of the neck, used for radiographic positioning Question: The processes of the typical cervical vertebrae arise from the pedicle-lamina junction. True/FalseAnswer: false, from the and the body Question: What is the hole in each transverse process of the vertebra called?Answer: foramen Question: What passes through the cervical transverse ?Answer: vertebral artery and veins, and nerves Question: How many are found in the cervical vertebrae? Name them.Answer: 3, and left transverse foramina and the single large vertebral foramen Question: The spinous of C2-C6 are fairly short and end in what?Answer: double-pointed or tip Question: The cervical superior and inferior articular processes, over and under the articular pillars, are directly lateral to what?Answer: the vertebral foramen Question: The zygapophyseal for the second through seventh cervicle verebrae are situated at what angle?Answer: 90° or right to the midsagittal plane Question: How are the zygapophyseal of C3-C7 visualized radiographically?Answer: true lateral Question: How are the joints of C1-C2 visualized radiographically?Answer: true AP Question: How can the intervertebral foramina of the cervical column be ?Answer: by the Question: The pedicles in the cervical column form what of the intervertebral foramina?Answer: and inferior Question: The intevertebral foramina of the vertebrae are situated at what angle?Answer: 45° angle to the midsagittal and open anteriorly Question: What vertebrae of the thoracic region are considered "typical" ?Answer: T5-T8, least resemble cervical or vertebrae Question: T1-T4 characteristics.Answer: smaller, features of the cervical vertebrae Question: T9-T12 characteristics.Answer: larger, share characteristics of the vertebrae Question: What is the unique feature of all thoracic that distinguishes them from other vertebrae?Answer: facets for rib Question: How many do the thoracic vertebrae have and where are they positioned?Answer: one full or a partial facet on each side Question: Another term for two facets.Answer: demifacets Question: Each facet or combination of two demifacets located on the vertebrae accepts the head of a rib to form what joint?Answer: costovertebral Question: The 10 thoracic vertebrae have an additional set of facets located where?Answer: on each side of the process Question: Each set of facets on the transverse processes of T1-T10 that with the tubercles of ribs 1-10 form what joint?Answer: Question: Ribs 11 and 12 articulate only at the joints. True/FalseAnswer: false, costovertebral Question: How is the process of the thoracic region projected? Answer: Question: How is the process of the thoracic region best viewed radiographically?Answer: projection Question: How is the spinous process of the thoracic region projected radiographically on an AP, anteroposterior, ? Answer: on the body of the successive thoracic vertebra Question: From a oblique perspective of the thoracic spine, what direction is the superior articular processes facing? Answer: posterior Question: From a lateral oblique perspective of the thoracic , what direction is the inferior articular processes facing?Answer: more Question: What is found on each side, between any thoracic vertebrae, are defined on the superior and inferior margins by the pedicles?Answer: intervertebral Question: In the vertebrae, what angle do the zygapophyseal joints form?Answer: 70-75° from the midsagittal Question: What would be needed in order to "open up"and radiographically demonstrate the thoracic zygapophyseal joints?Answer: an oblique 70-75° rotated position with a central ray Question: The openings of the intervertebral foramina on the thoracic vertebra are located at what ?Answer: 90° or angles to the midsagittal plane Question: What postition would be in order to radiographically demonstrate the thoracic intervertebral foramina?Answer: true lateral, 90° will demonstrate the right and left superimposed on each other |
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