In each blank, try to type in the
word that is missing. If you've
typed in the correct word, the
blank will turn green.
If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: How the 90 second rapid (1965)became possible?Answer: Developing of new chemistry and emulsions.
Faster drying thanks to the polyester of film base. Question: What is the time for automatic and manual developing?Answer: Automatic: 22 : 5 Minutes
Question: What are the reducing agents in the ?Answer: and hydroquinone. Question: What is the trace of passage way in the ?Answer: Transport (moves film through developer, fixer, wash, and )
Question: What is acid, where can we find it and why we use it for?Answer: Is used as the activator in the . maintaining an acidic PH of 4.0 - 4.5 to enhance the function of the clearing agent. Also reduces agents from continuing to function when film is immerse in film. Question: Three subsystems of systemAnswer: Transport racks, crossover networks, system. Question: Replenishment Answer: Replaces that are depleted through the chemical reactions of processing, oxidation and evaporation. Question: What speed of transport system?Answer: Is control by the speed of the motor and gear reduction system used. Drive system turns the rollers in the processor. controls the time each chemical is immersed in each chemical . Question: What are the critical time is a processor. Answer: the most critical time period is the : 20-25 sec.
(Fixer: 20 sec. Wash: 20 sec. dry: 25-30 sec.) Question: temperatureAnswer: 92 to 96 F (33 to 35 C) Question: Temperature systemAnswer: Developer, washer and dryer required precise temperature. developer (most critical) wash water is at 3C (5F) or lower. Question: halidesAnswer: have a negative (where bromide and iodine are located) and positive interiors (where silver ions are located. Question: Chemical Answer: The effect of a film when unexposed silver are reduced. Question: metallicsAnswer: When a silver ion obtains en extra electron, it is converted to a stable black silver atom. Question: Silver halides thats have fewer than ____ silver atoms on their sensitivity speck are unable to open a gate and remain undeveloped.Answer: Question: What are the 2 chemicals for development. Answer: Phenidone and Question: PhenidoneAnswer: Reducing agent, rapidly produces fine shades of gray. Question: Answer: agent, slowly produces heavy densities. (black tone) Question: Contamination of Answer: only 0.1 % of fixer in the developer tank will destroy the ability of the agents. a film will appear extremely gray. Question: Why the lid of the processor should be propped open whenever the processor is not in use?Answer: Because when processor is shut down, condensation can occur as it cools. Question: PH of Answer: Developer-Reducing 10.0 to 10.5. Fixer-Activator (4.0 to 4.5)
Concentrating solution containing hydroquinone has a PH of 12.0 Question: What happens if is not washed off?Answer: can result in silver stains or a yellowing of the emulsion after a few . Question: Volume systemAnswer: is used for high units. Question: Flood replenishment Answer: is used for low units. Question: How is the system activated?Answer: when the film enters the processor, the entrance rollers activate a microswitch or an infrared . Question: Layers of the Answer: 1. Base 2. layer 3. phosphor 4.protective coating Question: Deficiency of to produce lightAnswer: As screens age, phosphors decrease in activity. Question: What is ?Answer: Is the of a material to emit light in response to excitation. Question: What is ?Answer: type of luminescence, is the instantaneous emission of light. Light is emitted the time it takes an electron to complete one orbit. Question: What is ?Answer: type of luminescence.Is delayed emission of the light. phosphorus to emit light after the incident x-ray photon energy has dissipated. Question: lag or afterglowAnswer: delayed phosphorescent , common in older intensifying screens. Question: Normal life of screen phosphors is?Answer: 5 to 7 Question: Intensifying screen Answer: Resolution, speed, and latitude. Question: and speed are affected by?Answer: concentration of the , phosphor crystal size, layer thickness,
Question: What is emission?Answer: refers to radiation emitted with intensity in all directions. Question: Reflective Answer: Layer of material used in an screen to reflect light towards the film. Question: what does Wire mesh test tool for?Answer: Is used to check good screen- film contact. Areas of poor will appear blurry and cloudy. Question: Construction of various of screenAnswer: 1. Base: Polyester plastic 1mm thick. 2. Reflective layer: magnesium oxide or oxide 25um thick. 3. phosphor layer: 150 to 300 um. 4. Protective coat: plastic 25 um thick. Question: Atomic for phosphorsAnswer: High atomic number is desirable to the probability of an incident x-ray photon interactions. Question: emissionAnswer: is an indication of wavelength of light emitted by the phosphors. Question: High Answer: small crystal size and thin Question: Low Answer: large crystal size and thick . Question: Why are rare screens preferred?Answer: because they have greater absorption abilities, intensification factors, and conversion efficiency. Rare earth screens use phosphors with z# of 57-71. difficult to . Question: How cassettes be store?Answer: on end. Question: Answer: equipment design to expose a reproducible uniform, optical wedge onto a film. has controlled light source. Question: Answer: aka step . a series of increasingly thick uniform absorbers. Question: Answer: instrument that provides a of the amount of blackening (density) of the film. Question: Base plus Answer: is the density at no exposure or density that is in the film. Question: line portionAnswer: toe and shoulder.Useful range of densities. Question: Sensitometric Answer: radiographic relationship between amount of exposure and resultant density on the film (D log E , characteristic curve, Hurter and Driffield curve) Question: Answer: the maximum density the film is of recording. Question: ResolutionAnswer: ability to accurately image an . unit line pair per millimeter lp/mm. Small crystals=darken small area of film. Large crystals= darken large areas. Question: SpeedAnswer: The amount of density a film for a given amount of exposure in the film speed. Question: is controlled by what?Answer: activity of because affects the toe of the D log E curve. Question: Film speed and crystal size are _____ proportionalAnswer: Question: speed and number of sensitivity specks are____ proportionalAnswer: Question: film speed and thickness layer are ______ related.Answer: Question: Answer: is the range of that will produce densities within the diagnostic range. Question: Latitude and contrast are _____ relatedAnswer: inversely. as increases, latitude tends to decrease. Question: Answer: one of the two photographic properties that comprises visibility to detail. Overall balckening from the metallic silver deposited in the emulsion. Question: Controlling of density Answer: mAs Question: The change necessary to cause a visible change in density must be?Answer: 30 % of mAs or influencing factor that would equal this change. Question: an increase in Kvp will ___ Answer: increase Question: an increase in mAs will _____ densityAnswer: Question: an increase in kvp will ______ contrastAnswer: Question: increasing mAs will _____ contrastAnswer: no Question: High Answer: Fewer shades of gray, contrast, low kvp, short scale of contrast. Question: Low Answer: Many of gray, decreased contrast, high kvp, long scale contrast. Question: increasing SID will _____ IR exposureAnswer: Question: Decreasing SID will _____ IR exposureAnswer: Question: UmbraAnswer: : is the distinctly area of a shadow or the region of complete shadow. The umbra receives essentially no photons. Question: Answer: : Is the imperfect, unsharp surrounding the umbra. Receives more photons at the outer edges w/ progressively fewer photons toward the umbral area. Question: Factors that affect recorded areAnswer: SID, OID and spot size, image receptor and motion. Question: Answer: is the 2nd of the two properties affecting radiographic image quality. Is misrepresentation of size or shape. Question: Magnification size distortion is by Answer: positioning the body part and tube to SID while minimizing OID. Question: Foreshortening when Answer: the part is improperly aligned. Changes in the tube cause elongation, never foreshortening. Question: Guide shoe Answer: improper positioning or springing of guide shoe in turnaround Question: Pi line: Answer: dirt or chemical stains on Question: Sharp increase or in OIDAnswer: dirty or warped rollers, leaves sludge deposit on film
Gray fog: improper chemistry
Question: effectAnswer: improper squeezing of chemicals of film Question: squeezing of processing chemicals of filmAnswer: pressure caused by or dirty rollers Question: Yellow-brown drops on Answer: oxidized Question: appearanceAnswer: : underreplenished Question: appearanceAnswer: washing Question: appearanceAnswer: improper dryer temperature or in the fixer Question: AECAnswer: : the function of aec is to the need for the radiographer to set an exposure time Question: Answer: determining the of the AEC chambers is important. If plastic inserts are not provide to determined the location of aec’s a tech must take an image without a body part , exposed at very low Kvp for maximum contrast. Question: AEC cells, when more than one cell is Answer: the signals from the cells are sent to a special operational amplifier which sums the voltages received from each cell. Divides by the # of cell that have been activated, and then terminates the . Question: timeAnswer: should be set at 150% of the manual exposure time Question: U.S. law requires Answer: that generators automatically terminate AEC exposures at 600 mAs nor 60 seconds above 50 kVp and 2000 mAs below 50 kvp. Question: CurrentAnswer: the quantity or # of electrons . Question: ResistanceAnswer: the amount of to the current in the circuit Question: The length of a conductor has ____ proportional relationship to resistanceAnswer: Question: The movement of is facilitated by Answer: material that allow electrons to flow . This materials are known as conductors. Question: Non-conducting are called Answer: insulators. Question: Answer: : process by which alternating current is change into pulsating current Question: GeneratorAnswer: : device that converts mechanical energy into electrical Question: support systemAnswer: is the most flexible and Question: Exposure Answer: remote control device that permits current flow through the circuit. initiates . Question: cloudAnswer: is produced by the cathode. Conduction of high to the gap Question: of the anode occurs due to Answer: rotor-bearing failure. Also when temperatures exceed the point of tungsten melting will occur. (long used at high temperatures) Question: interactionAnswer: an incident electron interacts with an inner-shell electron, knocking out the inner shell electron and continuing in a slightly different direction, which creates a hole in the inner-shell, the shell unstable. Question: Characteristic Answer: : the reaction of electrons into holes created during a characteristic interaction until there is only a hole in the outer-shell. Question: Bremstrahlung Answer: an incident electron reacts with the force field of the , causing the electron to slow down, diverting the electron’s course; the electron loses energy and changes direction; the energy lost is the “braking”. Question: Filtration:Answer: is the process of eliminating low energy by the use of aluminum. Reduces patient dose . Question: Half LayerAnswer: is the amount of absorbing material that will reduce the intensity of the primary beam to one-half its value Question: Types of Answer: Inherent (inside the tube), Added (outside tube), Compound (2 or more materials, placing high z# to the tube and lowest Z# closest to the pt), compensating (wedge and trough). Question: Quality of Answer: Question: Quantity of Answer: |
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