In each blank, try to type in the
word that is missing. If you've
typed in the correct word, the
blank will turn green.
If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: Na+ Answer: 135-145 meq/L
Question: what clinical increases in Na+Answer: Cushing syndrome, hyperadrenocorticism, excessive intake, decrease H20 ( dehydration) hyperpnea, diabetes, diuretics, cardiac . Question: What are and symptoms of increased Na+ Answer: , viscous mucous, dry rough tongue Question: What clinical decrease in Na+Answer: adrenal , alkli, burns, diuretics, dehydration, trauma,
If you have increase in Body H20 Na+ decreases from decreased renal output, artificial hyperglycemia, CHF, cirhoisis, innapropriate ADH, renal insufficiency. Question: What are and symptoms of decrease in Na+Answer: Increased heart rate, Increased blood pressure, cold skin, apprehension, convulsions. Question: What is Na+Answer: Major extracellular cation comprises majority of osmotically active solute, greatly affects distribution of body . Question: K+ Answer: 3.5+5.0 mEq/L Question: What is K+Answer: Major intracellular , maintains, intracellular osmolality, affects muscle contraction, plays role in nerve impulses, enzyme action, and cell membrane function. Question: What increases in K+Answer: Excessive administration, from the cells- Acidosis(metabolic), infection, sucinylcholine, trauma, decreased urine output. Question: What are signs and symptoms of K+Answer: , muscle weakness Question: What decrease in K+ Answer: Shift INTO cells- Alkalosis,
GI loss- anorexia, ,ng suctioning, vomiting.
Increased urine output- cushings syndrome, diabetic ketoacidosis causes the shift as a compensatory mechanism. Question: What are and symptoms of Decreased K+Answer: arrythmias, muscle Question: Cl-Answer: 95-105 mEq/L Question: What is Cl-Answer: Principle extracellular anion, important in acid base . Question: What increase in Cl-Answer: Cardiac decompensation, renal insufficiency, salt . Question: What causes in Cl-Answer: COPD, Cushings syndrome, dehydration, diabetic , diuretics, fever, meatabolic acidosis, pneumonia. Question: Answer: 1.4--2.7 MEq/L Question: What is the Answer: intracellular anion Question: What causes in the Po4Answer: insufficiency
Question: What decrease in the Po4Answer: ketoacidosis. Question: Ca++Answer: 4.5-5.8 Question: What is Ca++Answer: Essential for bones, teeth, mucoproteins. Role in cell membrane, muscle contraction and coagulation. Question: What increases in Ca++Answer: Acidosis, adrenal insufficiency, diuretics, ( Thiazide) , sarcoidosis, tumors. Question: Symptoms of Ca++Answer: HR. Question: What decreased Ca++Answer: , diarrhea, hypoproteinemia, osteomalacia, renal insufficiency, steroid therapy, vitamin D deficiency. Question: Mg++Answer: 1.3-2.5 mEq/L Question: What is Mg++Answer: Intracellular cation, in ATP function, acetylcholine release at the N-M junction. Question: What an increase in Mg++Answer: Antacid ingestion, parathyroidectomy, renal . Question: What a decrease in Mg++Answer: Chornic alcoholism, acidosis, diarrhea, NG Sx, severe renal disease. Question: RBCs Answer: = 4.6- 6.2 million/UL
Females= 4.2- 5.4 million/UL Question: What is the clinical of RBC'sAnswer: of cells available to carry O2/Co2 Question: What an increase in RBC'sAnswer: 1: : polythycemia from chronic hypoxemia, severe diarrhea and dehydration. Question: What a decrease in RBC's Answer: Anemia, , hemorrhage followed by restored blood volume. Question: What is Answer: grams of hemoglobin in 100 ml of blood. Question: what increase in HgbAnswer: Polycythemia, CHF, COPD, , high altitudes. Question: What causes a decrease in Answer: blood loss, anemias, increased fluid intake, pregnancy. Question: ( Hct) Answer: = 39-55%
Females= 36-48% Question: What is ( Hct) Answer: % of blood volume by RBC's Question: What an increase in Hematocrit (Hct) Answer: COPD, dehydration, erythrocytosis, . Question: What a decrease in Hematocrit (Hct) Answer: Acute loss, anemia's, increase fluid intake, pregnancy.
Question: Answer: 5,000- 10,000/UL
SI= 5-10x10to the 9th/L Question: What is the of WBC'sAnswer: Blood cells which fight infection. Question: What increase in WBC'sAnswer: Leukocytosis: infection, post surgery, trauma.
Bacterial infection, neoplasm, epinephrine, steroids, chronic infection, viral infection ( hepatitis, mono) TB. Question: What a decrease in WBC'sAnswer: Leukopenia: Cancer therapy, overwhelmed or suppressed immune system, CHF, HIV< failure.
Question: Answer: 40-75% Question: Neutrophil Answer: Immature Question: Neutrophil Answer: cells. Question: Lymphocytes T-B Answer: 20-45% Question: Answer: 2-10% Question: Answer: 1-6% Question: Eosinophils and basophils are in? Answer: /Collagen.
Asthma Question: Answer: 0-1% Question: Answer: 150,000-400,000/UL Question: What is the significance of ?Answer: Blood constituent for . Question: What an increase in PlateletsAnswer: COPD, high , inflammation, malignancy, PE, TB, trauma, many drugs.
Question: What causes a decrease in Answer: Acute leukemia, anemias, , lupus. Question: Anion Answer: 7-16 mEq/L Question: Anion Answer: Na+ - (Cl- + HCo3) Question: What increase in the Anion GapAnswer: Keto or lactic acidosis,, , or ethylene glycol poison, dehydration. Question: Creatine ( CPK)Answer: Male 38-174 U/L
Female 26-140 U/L Question: What is the of Creatine Kinase (CPK)Answer: Enzyme in the heart, muscle. Question: What increases in Creatine Kinase (CPK)Answer: MI, disease, severe exercise, polymyositis. Question: What causes decreases in Creatine (CPK)Answer: Relative cardiac enzyme levels in blood following myocardial infarction, so a days after infarct they drop! Question: Creatine -kinase
MB band (CPK- MB) (CK-MB)Answer: CK isoenzyme for the heart muscle. Normal is 0-6%
Question: What causes an increase in Creatine -kinase Answer: Acute MI, severe angina, cardica surgery, cardiac ischemia, mycarditis, hypokalemia, cardiac . Question: Answer: 0.6-1.5 mg/dl Question: What is the significance of Answer: By product of metabolism.
Question: What causes Creatinine to Answer: Nephritis, insufficiency, urinary tract obstruction, (indicator of kidney function) Question: What Creatinine to decreaseAnswer: Debilitation Question: Answer: 60-110 mg/dl sugar Question: What an increase in GlucoseAnswer: Diabetes mellitus, , stress, steroids, trauma, uremia. Question: What a decrease in Glucose Answer: Adrenal .
Insulin
Question: Answer: 6-8 gm/dl
Question: What is the clinical significance of Answer: proteins affecting colloidal pressure, Question: What causes an in ProteinsAnswer: Dehydration, Question: What a decrease in protein. Answer: Hemorrhage, liver disease, leukemia, malnutrition, nephrosis, neoplastic . Question: Lactic Answer: 5-20 mg/dl Question: What is the clinical of Lactic Acid Answer: By product of metabolism. Question: What increase in Lactic Acid. Answer: , CHF, Increased muscle activity, hemorrhage, shock. Question: Answer: 10-20 mg/dl Question: What is the clinical significance of . Answer: Relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi and blood vessels. Question: What causes increases in . Answer: Abdominal discomfort, anorexia, dysrhythmias, , vomiting, nervousness, irritability, tachycardia. Question: what causes a in Theophylline.Answer: Smoking and (Dilantin) shortens half-life. Question: Urea (BUN)Answer: 8-25 mg/dl Question: What is the of the Urea Nitrogen (BUN)Answer: End product of protein . Question: What an increase in Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Answer: Adrenal or renal insufficiency, CHF, , decreased renal flow, N2 metabolism, GI bleed, shock, urine obstruction. Question: What causes a in Urea Nitrogen (BUN)Answer: Hepatic failure, low protein diet, nephroiss, . Question: output!Answer: = 900-1800 ml/day
Femals= 600-1600 ml/day
Question: What is urine output an hour Answer: 66 ml an hour. Question: What is the significance of Urine out put. Answer: Urine output may change the acid base . Question: What causes an in Urine output. Answer: Diuretics, diabetes, , excessive intake. Question: What causes a decrease in outputAnswer: Dehydration, , injury, kidney dysfunction, shock. Question: Urine Answer: 4-5-8.0 Question: What causes an increase in pH Answer: >7= bacterial in tract, metabolic alkalosis, a decrease in K+, vegetarian diet. Question: what a decrease in Urine pH Answer: <6= metabolic , protein diet. Question: SputumAnswer: Clear, thin, Question: What Clinical exhibits Mucoid SputumAnswer: Asthma, Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, Mycoplasma pneumonia, edema, TB, Viral pneumonia. Question: SputumAnswer: Yellow or green, thick, viscid, odor, (pus) Question: What Clinical presentation exhibits sputumAnswer: Brochiectisis, Lung abscess, Pneumococcal pneumonia, pseudomonas pneumonia, staphlococcal , TB Question: Mucopurlent . Answer: Both and purulent. Question: What Clinical presentation exhibits sputumAnswer: Asthma, chronic bronchitis, Cystic fibrosis, emphysema, Lung Abscess, Lung cancer, Pseudomonas , TB Question: Hemoptysis Answer: red, Frothy blood Question: What clinical presentation exhibits Hemoptysis Answer: Bronchietasis, Lung cancer, , Pulmonary Infarct, TB Question: Currant Jelly Answer: clots Question: what clinical presentation exhibits Currant sputum. Answer: Lung , neoplasm. Question: Sputum. Answer: Mucopurulent with red . Question: What clinical presentation Rusty sputum. Answer: Bronchiectasis, Neoplasm, pneumococcal . Question: Prune Juice Answer: Dark brown, with red tinge. Question: What clinical presentation Prune Juice sputum. Answer: pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia Question: What presentation exhibits Blood streaked sputum.Answer: and pseudomonas pneumonias. Question: What clinical presentation Pink Frothy sputumAnswer: edema. |
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