lab norms and what they mean.
Help!
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| Na+ Sodium | show 🗑
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| what causes clinical increases in Na+ | show 🗑
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| What are signs and symptoms of increased Na+ | show 🗑
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| What causes clinical decrease in Na+ | show 🗑
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| show | Increased heart rate, Increased blood pressure, cold clammy skin, apprehension, convulsions.
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| show | Major extracellular cation comprises majority of osmotically active solute, greatly affects distribution of body water.
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| K+ | show 🗑
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| show | Major intracellular cation, maintains, intracellular osmolality, affects muscle contraction, plays role in nerve impulses, enzyme action, and cell membrane function.
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| What causes increases in K+ | show 🗑
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| What are signs and symptoms of increased K+ | show 🗑
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| show | Shift INTO cells- Alkalosis,
GI loss- anorexia, diarrhea,ng suctioning, vomiting.
Increased urine output- cushings syndrome, diabetic ketoacidosis causes the shift as a compensatory mechanism.
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| show | arrythmias, muscle weakness
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| show | 95-105 mEq/L
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| show | Principle extracellular anion, important in acid base balance.
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| What causes increase in Cl- | show 🗑
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| What causes decreases in Cl- | show 🗑
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| show | 1.4--2.7 MEq/L
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| show | major intracellular anion
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| What causes increase in the Po4 | show 🗑
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| What causes decrease in the Po4 | show 🗑
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| show | 4.5-5.8
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| What is Ca++ | show 🗑
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| What causes increases in Ca++ | show 🗑
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| show | Increased HR.
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| What causes decreased Ca++ | show 🗑
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| show | 1.3-2.5 mEq/L
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| What is Mg++ | show 🗑
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| What causes an increase in Mg++ | show 🗑
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| show | Chornic alcoholism, diabetic acidosis, diarrhea, NG Sx, severe renal disease.
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| show | Males= 4.6- 6.2 million/UL
Females= 4.2- 5.4 million/UL
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| show | Number of cells available to carry O2/Co2
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| show | 1: Polythycemia
2: polythycemia from chronic hypoxemia, severe diarrhea and dehydration.
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| What causes a decrease in RBC's | show 🗑
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| show | grams of hemoglobin in 100 ml of whole blood.
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| show | Polycythemia, CHF, COPD, deyhdration, high altitudes.
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| What causes a decrease in Hgb | show 🗑
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| Hematocrit ( Hct) | show 🗑
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| What is Hematocrit ( Hct) | show 🗑
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| What causes an increase in Hematocrit (Hct) | show 🗑
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| What causes a decrease in Hematocrit (Hct) | show 🗑
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| WBCs | show 🗑
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| show | Blood cells which fight infection.
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| What causes increase in WBC's | show 🗑
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| show | Leukopenia: Cancer therapy, overwhelmed or suppressed immune system, CHF, HIV< renal failure.
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| Neutrophils | show 🗑
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| show | Immature
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| Neutrophil Bands | show 🗑
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| Lymphocytes T-B cells | show 🗑
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| Monocytes | show 🗑
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| show | 1-6%
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| show | Allergy/Collagen.
Asthma
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| show | 0-1%
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| Platelets | show 🗑
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| What is the significance of Platelets? | show 🗑
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| show | COPD, high altitude, inflammation, malignancy, PE, TB, trauma, many drugs.
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| What causes a decrease in Platelets | show 🗑
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| Anion Gap | show 🗑
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| show | Na+ - (Cl- + HCo3)
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| What causes increase in the Anion Gap | show 🗑
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| Creatine Kinase ( CPK) | show 🗑
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| What is the significance of Creatine Kinase (CPK) | show 🗑
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| show | MI, muscle disease, severe exercise, polymyositis.
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| What causes decreases in Creatine Kinase (CPK) | show 🗑
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| Creatine phoso-kinase MB band (CPK- MB) (CK-MB) | show 🗑
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| What causes an increase in Creatine Phoso-kinase | show 🗑
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| show | 0.6-1.5 mg/dl
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| What is the significance of Creatinine | show 🗑
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| show | Nephritis, renal insufficiency, urinary tract obstruction, (indicator of kidney function)
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| What causes Creatinine to decrease | show 🗑
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| glucose | show 🗑
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| What causes an increase in Glucose | show 🗑
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| show | Adrenal insufficiency.
Insulin
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| Protein | show 🗑
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| What is the clinical significance of Protein | show 🗑
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| show | Dehydration, shock
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| What causes a decrease in protein. | show 🗑
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| show | 5-20 mg/dl
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| What is the clinical significance of Lactic Acid | show 🗑
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| What causes increase in Lactic Acid. | show 🗑
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| show | 10-20 mg/dl
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| show | Relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi and pulmonary blood vessels.
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| What causes increases in Theophylline. | show 🗑
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| what causes a decrease in Theophylline. | show 🗑
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| show | 8-25 mg/dl
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| show | End product of protein metabolism.
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| What causes an increase in Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | show 🗑
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| show | Hepatic failure, low protein diet, nephroiss, pregnancy.
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| Urine output! | show 🗑
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| show | about 66 ml an hour.
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| show | Urine output may change the acid base balance.
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| What causes an increase in Urine output. | show 🗑
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| show | Dehydration, hypovolemia, injury, kidney dysfunction, shock.
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| show | 4-5-8.0
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| show | >7= bacterial infection in tract, metabolic alkalosis, a decrease in K+, vegetarian diet.
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| show | <6= metabolic acidosis, protein diet.
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| show | Clear, thin, frothy
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| show | Asthma, Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, Mycoplasma pneumonia, pulmonary edema, TB, Viral pneumonia.
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| show | Yellow or green, thick, viscid, offensive odor, (pus)
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| show | Brochiectisis, Lung abscess, Pneumococcal pneumonia, pseudomonas pneumonia, staphlococcal pneumonia, TB
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| Mucopurlent SPutum. | show 🗑
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| What Clinical presentation exhibits Mucupurlent sputum | show 🗑
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| Hemoptysis Sputum | show 🗑
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| What clinical presentation exhibits Hemoptysis sputum | show 🗑
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| show | Blood clots
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| what clinical presentation exhibits Currant Jelly sputum. | show 🗑
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| show | Mucopurulent with red tinge.
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| show | Bronchiectasis, Neoplasm, pneumococcal pneumonia.
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| show | Dark brown, mucopurulent with red tinge.
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| show | Klebsiella pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia
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| What clinical presentation exhibits Blood streaked sputum. | show 🗑
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| show | Pulmonary edema.
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