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Oncologic Emergencie

Causes, s/s

TermDescription
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome results from obstruction of the SVC by a tumor. (facial edema, periorbital edema, neck vein distention, chest, headache, seizures, mediastinal mass is visible on xray)
Spinal Cord Compression result of a malignant tumor in the epidural space of the spinal cord. Most common primary tumors that present this problem: breast, lung, prostate, GI, melanoma, renal tumors. (Back pain, localized & persistent, with vertebral tenderness, motor weakness
Metabolic Emergencies caused by the production of ectopic hormones directly from the tumor or secondary to Ca tx. Ectopic hormones arise from tissues that do not release these hormones
Hypercalcemia can occur in the presence of ca that involves the bone (bone, multiple myeloma or PTH-like substance. hyperCa resuls from malignancies that have spread (apathy, depression, fatigue, anorexia, Ca+levels > 12 can be life threatening
Septic Shock tumor necrosis w/ immunosuppressed and/or malnourished state can result in sepsis. Bacteria enters blood = sepsis. Malignant tumors use anaerobic pathways, sepsis ususually are gram- (warm shock, vasodilation, vascular dehydration, hi fever, edema
2nd Phase of Septic Shock w/o tx of 1st s/s 2nd phase: cold shock/hypodynamic, low BP, rapid, thready pulse, resp distress, cyanosis, subnormal temp, cold, clammy skin, decr u/o, alt mentation
Infiltrative Emergencies occur when malignant tumors infiltrate major organs or secondary to Ca therapy
Cardiac Tamponade results from fluid accum in the pericardial sac, constriction of the pericardium by a tumor/ pericarditis 2nd to rad therapy
S/S of cardiac tamponade heavy feeling over chest, sob, tachycardia, perspiration, decr LOC, pulsus parodoxus, distant or muted heart sounds, extreme anxiety
Carotid artery rupture (hemorrhage) pts w/ Ca of the head & neck, 2nd to invation of the arterial wall can manifest as minor oozing, spurting of blood "blowout" of artery
Created by: dcastro
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