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Ayurveda Ch. 1
Philosophy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| artha | pursuit of necessities to support life (no more, no less); lower function can lead to greed, excess, and waste |
| dharma | lower level: job, higher level: divine purpose of ones gifts; lower function leads to pursuit of status and power, higher function leads to motivation by spiritual aspirations using dharma as servant of god |
| four fold path to self-realization in vedanta | santosh: contentment, satsang: company of wise, atmavichara: self inquiry, shant: peace of mind |
| pramanas | four methods of arriving at the truth: direct perception, testimony, analogy, inference |
| asana | body posture |
| proper digestion pillar | requires intake of constitutionally appropriate foods and consumation with regard to food combinations, results in increased ojas and extraction of food nutrients and prana, when properly followed and doshic imbalance when not |
| vaisheshika | a system that organizes the world into 9 dravyas "atomic view of the world" |
| laghu treya | 3 lesser/supplemental books: ashtanga samgraha, madhava nidanam, sarangadhara samhita |
| astanga hridayam | in part a retelling of caraka samhita and brings knowledge in from other writing such as sushruta, author- vagbhata |
| moksha | liberation of soul from life and death cycle |
| manas | limited mind, projected by ahamkara |
| vrittis | disturbances within mind that disrupt mental tranquility and bring challenging emotions into awareness |
| 9 dravyas | earth, air, spaces, water, ether, fire, atman, time, mind |
| disease | any impedance to the flow of energy through system |
| sankhya philosophy | story of creation, list of 24 tattwas which all creation rests on, knowledge of sankhya derived from sankhya karika |
| 3 gunas | tamas (inertia), rajas (action), sattva (clarity) |
| OM | the sound of creation, all of creation vibrates in harmony with it and it vibrates within all creation |
| therapeutics | how to treat/manage disease |
| dhari | keeps body from decaying |
| purusha | pure potential consciousness, male foce of universe, injected itself into prakriti to further know itself forming creation |
| ama | toxins, coat cells and clog body channel systems, interfering with normal biological processes and functions |
| lord dhanvantari | god of ayurveda and of healing, four arms holding conch, leach, circular chakra, amrit; prayer to him awakens healing potential |
| caraka samhita | originally called 'agnivesa tantra' revised by caraka, written between 1500BC-200AD, contains teachings of agnivesa, first known text to divide ayurveda into 8 branches |
| paramatman | hihger aspect of soul, connecting with purusha in mimamsa philosophy |
| jivita | that which keeps us alive |
| symptomatology | study of symptoms associated with disease/imbalances |
| dhyana | sustaining focus, ability to concentrate on a single point, second aspect of meditation |
| vedanta | philosophy basis for jnana yoga, teaching theres supreme ruler "ishvara" who comes to devotee in comfortable form ie. jesus, buddha, oldest philosophical and spiritual tradition of india |
| advaita vedanta | form of vedanta stating theres no separation between ourselves and god, believes not that we are all parts of a greater whole, but that we are the whole, and the parts are the illusion |
| fundamental vedanta principles | everyone and everything is god, the world around us is maya, self realization is the process of awakening to the above truths |
| pranayama | practice of proper breathing |
| pratyahara | withdrawal/mastery of senses, withdrawing them from attraction of desirous or sensuous objects |
| dharana | focusing on the attention, first aspect of meditation |
| characteristics to path to self realization in vedanta | viveka, vairagya, mumukshutva, shad sampat, sama, dama, uparati, titiksha, sraddha, samadhana |
| samyama | persistent practice of highest aspects of yoga (dharana, dhyana, samadhi) |
| viveka | discerning truth from illusion |
| vairagya | nonattachment to world experiences |
| mumukshutva | intense desire for liberation of soul |
| shad sampat | six fold virtues |
| sama | tranquility of mind |
| dama | self restraint |
| uparati | renunciation |
| titiksha | endurance |
| sraddha | faith |
| samadhana | focused mind |
| nyaya | system of philosophy thats an intellectual system describing means for arriving at the truth |
| kama | pursuit of pleasure, primary goals of the senses, greatest form is sexual, lower function leads to over-indulgence, higher function leads to preservation of life through attraction to what is pleasurable |
| dhatus | tissues |
| 3 fundamental causes of disease | the unwholesome conjunction of the sense with their objects of affection, prajnaparadha, parinama |
| prajnaparadha | intellectual blasphemy, the failure of the intellect or crimes against wisdom |
| parinama | transformation or decay due to time and motion |
| anubandha | soul-- that which transmigrates from one body to the next |
| ahamkara | ego, sense of self |
| pancha maha bhutus | 5 great elements; ether, air, fire, water, earth |
| 5 additional causes of disease | vata, pitta, kapha,rajas, tamas |
| 5 tanmatras | root energies for sensory experience; shabdha, sparsha, rupa, rasa, gandha |
| shabdha | sound |
| sparsha | touch |
| rupa | sight |
| rasa | taste |
| gandha | smell |
| etiology | study of cause of disease/ origination |
| svastha | established in the self, perfect health, self esteem in the west |
| primary goal of ayurveda | keep mankind healthy |
| direct perception | merging ones self with subject studied, personal observation of reality through any of the 5 senses, ( all indigenous knowledge obtained through this) |
| 8 branches of ayurveda | obstetrics/surgery; diseases of the ears, eyes, nose and throat; internal medicine; mental diseases; pediatrics; management of poisions; rejuvenation; aphrodisiacs/care of reproductive system |
| tattwas | principle which all creation rests on |
| samadhi | integration or "one-ness" with all things that occur when mind is balanced and at peace |
| 3 pillars of life | proper management of food/digestion, sleep, brahmacharya |
| 3 classifications of disease | endogenous, exogenous, psychic |
| endogenous | origin inside the body |
| exogenous | origin outside the body |
| psychic | origin entirely within person own mind |
| 2 additional tattwas | purusha, atman |
| karma yoga | yoga of action, subduing ego through selfless service |
| mimamsa | philosophy with origin of principle of karma describing how how we live and make choices affect our experience of reality in the next life; two aspects of atman: paramatman, jivatman |
| darshana | philosophy |
| bhakti yoga | yoga of devotion, surrendering ego through worship of teacher of god or god directly |
| ayus/veda | ayus: body, sense organs, mind, soul combination; veda: knowledge, "knowledge of life" |
| tat twam asi | thou art that, key phrase in vedanta teaching everything perceived is god and not separate from eachother/you |
| 8 steps to self realization | the yamas, the niyamas, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana, samadhi |
| karma | law of cause and effect or action and reaction, binds the soul to the cycle of birth and death |
| samskaras | our tendancies that create basic reaction to world |
| jivan mukta | liberated soul |
| 2 types of samadhi | samprajnata: state of awareness bound to one-ness, asamprajnata: reunification thats absent of awareness |
| samadhi attainment through 5 efforts | faith-to preserve on journey, effort-committing whole self to journey, learning-study scripture, concentration-cultivate single mindedness, discrimination-ability to identify differene btwn soul associated with mind and when free |
| 4 goals of life | kama, artha, dharma, moksha |
| mahat | cosmic laws (intelligence of universe), all laws of nature:subtle and gross, subtle: karma, laws governing health and disease in ayurveda; gross: physics and chemistry |
| 3 pursuits (natural instincts) of life | to live, to earn, to perform virtuous acts |
| sleep pillar | sleep gives body opportunity to use energy to repair/heal damage from day, without proper amount bodys unable to repair damage and in turn breaks down |
| brihat treya | 3 most important books in classic ayurveda, caraka samhita, sushruta samhita, ashtanga hridayam |
| sushruta samhita | considered second most important book in ayurveda,known for exposition on subject of surgery, first text to list names and locations of marmas, originally called salyatantra |
| the niyamas | 5 devotions; saucha, santash, tapas, swadaya, ishawrapranida |
| saucha | cleanliness |
| santash | contentment |
| tapas | self discipline |
| swadaya | self and scriptural study |
| ishwarapranida | devotion to journey |
| prakriti | pure potential for matter, female force of universe, the "womb" where the "primal seed" was stimulated via purusha to form creation |
| ego | sense of separateness and individualit |
| pancha jnanedriyani | 5 sense organs, buddhi: intellectual organs; ears, skin, eyes, tongue, nose |
| 24 tattwas | prakriti, mahat, ahamkara, pancha maha bhutus, 5 tanmatras, pancha jnanedriyanis, pancha karmendryanis, manas |
| pancha karmendryani | 5 potential organs for action; mouth, hands, feet, urinogenital, anus |
| jivatman | lower aspect of soul, connected with physical plane in mimamsa philosophy |
| brahmacharya pillar | practice of sexual abstinence, also management of sexual energy, excessive sexual release reduces ojas which leaves a person (esp sick) in weakened/ exhausted state |
| desire to live | most basic instinct of life, initially motivates health lifestyle, higher meaning motivates living harmoniously to fufill high aspects of 4 goals of life, leading to moksha |
| according to vedanta, to attain moksha, students have to overcome which 5 kleshas (afflictions) of humanity | avidya, asmita, attachment, hatred, clining to life (illusion of life itself and its containment in physical body- deha adhyasa) |
| avidya | ignorance |
| asmita | egoism |
| desire to earn | allows pursuit of artha, performed through higher function means and in service to humanity is permissible, over attachment to money and less service leads to greed |
| the yamas | 5 disciplines of practice; ahimsa, satyam, aparigraha, brahmacharya, asteya |
| ahimsa | non violence |
| satyam | truthfulness |
| aparigraha | taking nothing from others, even gifts for service |
| asteya | non possessiveness |
| desire to perform virtuous acts | deep desire in human nature, coming from same place as desire for moksha |
| jnana yoga | yoga of knowledge, subduing ego through realization that all of creation is illusion |
| raja yoga | path of practice, path towards self realization and enlightenment |
| 2 goals of ayurveda | keep body in svastha, to show us how to use health as basis of path to enlightenment |
| 5 main obstacles to overcome to attain samadhi | avidya, asmita, raga, dvesa, abhinevesa |
| avidya | ignorance |
| asmita | egoism |
| raga | desire/passion |
| dvesa | aversion to suffering |
| abhinevesa | attachment to life |
| prana | life force energy |
| malas | wastes |
| atman | spirit/soul, part of god residing within us |
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