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Step 1 10.30.12
Microbiology X
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the most common causes of meningitis in newborns (0- 6 months)? | Group B strep, E. coli, Listeria |
| What are the most common causes of meningitis in children (6months-6yr)? | Streptococcus pneumonidae, neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae B, Enteroviruses |
| What are the most common causes of meningitis in 6-60 yrs olds? | S. pneumonidae, N. meningitidis (esp in teens), enteroviruses, HSV |
| What are the most common causes of meningitis in 60+ yr old? | S. pneumonidae, G- rods, Listeria |
| What is a usual empiric treatment for meningitis? What do you add if you suspect Listeria? | Ceftriaxone, vancomycin empirically. add ampicillin if Listeria is suspected |
| What are some viral causes of meningitis in a healthy person? | neteroviruses (coxsackie esp), HSV-2 ( HSV1 is encephalitis), HIV, West Nile, VZV |
| What are some common causes of meningitis in an HIV pt? | Cryptococcus, CMV, toxoplasmosis (brain absess), JC virus (PML) |
| What pateint population are basically the only ones to get meningitis from H. influenzae? | unimmunized children |
| incr opening pressure, incr PMNs, incr protein, and decr sugar denostes what type of meningtis? | bacterial |
| incr opening pressure, incr lymphocytes, incr protein, decr sugar denotes what type of meningitis? | fungal/Tb |
| normal or elevated opening pressure, incr lymphocytes, normal to elevated protein, and normal sugar in CSF denotes what type of meningitis? | viral |
| What causes osteomyelitis in most people? | S. aureus. assume it with no other info |
| What might cause osteomyelitis in the sexuallly active? | N. gonnhoeae rarely, septic artritis is more coomon |
| What are 2 classic labs for osteomyelitis, are they specific? | elevated CRP, ESR but this is non specific |
| What might cause osteomyelitis in DM or IVDA? | pseudomonas aeuruginosa |
| What might cause osteomyelitis in a sickle cell pt? | salmonella |
| What might cause osteomyelitis in a prostetic replacement pt? | S. aureus, S. epidermidis |
| What might cause a sepcifically vertebral osteomyelitis? | M. Tb. (Pott's disease) |
| What might cause an osteomyelitis from a cat or dog bite? | Pasteurella multocida |
| What urine findings are seen in cystitis? | dysuria, frequency, urgency, WBCs but not casrs in urine |
| What are common causes of cystitis in males? | infants with congential defect, vesicoureteral reflex. Elderly= enlarge prostate. |
| what is seen if a UTI ascends to the kidney? | pyelonephritis, fever chills, flankpain, CVA tenderness, hematuria, WBC casts |
| What are some predisposing factors for female UTI? | obstruction, kidney surgery, catheterization, GU malformation, DM, pregnanacy |
| A urine with positive leukocyte esterase would indicate? | bacterial UTI |
| A urine with a positive nitrite test would indicate? | G- bacterial UTI |
| What are the charactersitcs of an E. coli UTI? | leading cuase. colonies with green metallic sheen on EMB agar. Markers: positive leukocyte esterase |
| What are the characterisitcs of a Staphylococcus saprophyiticus UTI? | 2nd leading in sexually active women, positive nitrite test = G- except Staph saprophyticus |
| What bugs produce a + urease test in UTI? | Proteus, Klebsiella |
| What bugs produce a - urease test in UTI? | E. coli, streptococcus, enterococcus |
| What is seen in a UTI from klebsiella pneumonidae? | 3rd leading cuase, large mucoid capsule and vsicous colonies |
| What is seen in an UTI from serratia marcesens? | some have red piugment, often nosocomial and drug resitant |
| What is seen in a UTI from enterobacter cloacae? | nosocomial and drug resistant |
| What is seen in a UTI from Proteus mirabilis? | motility causes swarming on agar; produces urease, associated with struvite stones |
| What is seen in a UTI from pseudomonas aeruginosa? | blue green pigment and fruity odor; usually nosocomial and drug resistant |
| What are ToRCHeS infections and how are they passed? | pass from mother to fetus. transplacental passing mostly but some in delivery like HSV2 |
| What are some of the nonspecific signs associated with ToRCHeS infections? | hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation |
| What causes hydrops fetalis? | Parvovirus B19 |
| What are some important infectious agents that can be peripartum and not in ToRCHeS? | Strep agalactiaceae (grop B), E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes |
| What are the ToRCHeS organisms? | Toxoplasma gondii, rubella, CMV, HIV, HSV-2, Syphilis |
| How is toxoplasma gondii trasmitted to the child and what are the maternal manifestations? | cat feces or undercooked meat. usually Asx in mom. rarely lymphadenopathy |
| What are the neonatal manifestations of toxoplasma gondii? | triad: chorioretinits, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications |
| What is the mode of transmission and maternal signs of rubella infection? | respiratory droplets. maternal: rash, lymphadenopathy, arthritis |
| What are the neonatal manifestations of rubella infection? | triad: PDA (pulmonary artery hypoplasia), cataracts, deafness. maybe blueberry muffin rash |
| What is the mode of transmission and maternal manifestations of CMV infection? | STD or organ transplants. Usually Asx, but can be mono like illness |
| What are the neonatal manifestations of CMV infection? | hearing loss, seizures, petichial rash, blueberry muffin rash |
| How is HIV acquired and what are the maternal manifestations? | STD. variable presentation depending on CD4 count |
| What are the neonatal manifestations of HIv infection? | recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea |
| How is HSV-2 acquired and what are the maternal manifestations? | skin or mucous membrane contact. usually Asx in mom. maybe herpetic lesions |
| What are the neonatal manifestations ofHSV2 infection? | temporal encephalitis, herpetic lesions |
| How is syphilis acquired and what are the maternal manifestations? | STD. primary= chancre secondary= rash teriarry= cardiac/neruologic |
| What are the neonatal manifestations of syphilis? | still birth, hydrops fetalis. facial abnormalities if survive, saber shins. CN VIII deafness |
| What are the rash characteristics and accompanying sx of rubella? | rash begins at head and moves down. fine truncal rash. postauricular lmpadenopathy |
| What is the rash of measels and what type of virus causes it? | paramyxovirus. begins at head and moves. rash precedied by coryza, cough, conjunctivits, blue/white Koplik spots on buccal mucosa |
| What is the rash and accompanying Sx of VZV ? | vesicular rash starting on trunk, spreads to face and extremites with esions of different ages |
| What is the rash of HHV-6, accompany sx, and disease? | roseola. macular rash over body appears after several days of high fever, usually in infants |
| What is the name of, rash, and accompanying sx of Parvovirun B19? What might it cause in pregnancy? | erythema infectiosum. slapped cheek rash on face. can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women. |
| What is the name of, rash, and accompany sx of stretococcus pyogenes? | scarlet fever, erythematous, sand paper like rash with fever and sore throat |
| What is the name of, rash, and accompanying sx of coxsackie virus type A? | hand-foot-mouth disease. vesicular rash on palms and soles. ulcers in oral mucosa |
| urethritis, cerviticts, PID, prostatitis, epididymitis, artritis, creamy purulent discharge. What STD and organism? | gonorrhea. Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| painless chancre. organism and disease? | syphilis. Treptonemia pallidum |
| fever, lympahadenopathy, skin rashes, condylomata lata. STD and organism? | secondary syphilis. Treptonema pallidum |
| gummas, tabes dorsalis, general paresis, aortitis, Argyll robinson pupil. STD and organism? | tertiary syphilis. Treptonema pallidum |
| Painful genital ulcer, inguinal lympadnopathy. STD and organism? | chancroid. haemophilus ducreyi |
| Painful penile, vulvar, cervical vesicles and ulcers. can see fever, HA, myalgia. STD and organism? | genital herpes. HSV-2 |
| urethritis, cervicitis, conjunctivitis. Reiters syndrome, PID. STD and organism? | Chlamydia. Chlamydia trachomatis (D-K) |
| infection of lymphatics. genital ulcers, lympahadenopathy, rectal strictures. STD and organism? | lymphogranuloma venereum. Chlamydia trachomatis (L1-L3) |
| vaginitis, straberry colored mucosa, corkscrew motility on wet prep. STD and organnis,m? | Trichomoniasis. Trichomonas vaginalis |
| opportunitistic infections, Karposi's sarcoma, lymphoma. STD and organism? | AIDS. HIV |
| genital warts. koilocytes. STD and organism? | condylomata acuminata. HPV 6 and 11 |
| jaudice. STD and organism? | Hep B. HBV |
| noninflammatory, malodorus discharge (fishy), positive whiff test, clue cells, STD (not exclusively) and organism? | Bacterial vaginosis, Gardnerella vaginalis |
| What causes acute Pelvic inflammatory disease? | N. gonorrheao |
| What causes subacute pelvic inflammatory disease? | Chlamydia trachomatis |
| What types of sx are seen in pelvic inflammatory disease? | cervical motion tenderness ( chandelier sign), purulent cervical discharge, salpingitis, endometritis, hydrosalpinx, tuboovarian absess |
| What is salpingitis from PId a RF for? | ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelivic pain, adhesiosions |
| What can be a long term consequence of PID? | Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome. infection of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver |
| When might CMV or RSV cause a nosocomial infection? | newborn nursery |
| What are the 2 most common nosocomial infections? | E.coli: UTI, s. aureus (wound infection) |
| When might E. coli or proteus mirabilis cause a nosocomial infection? | urinary catheter |
| When might pseudomonas aeruginosa cause a nosocomail infection? | intubation, burns victims |
| When might HBV cause a noscomail infection? | renal dialysis unit |
| When might candida albicans cause a nosocomail infection? | hyperalimentation |
| When might legionella cause a nosocomail infection? | water sources |
| unimmunized child, rash at head moving down with post auricular lymphadenopathy. organism? | rubella virus |
| unimmunized child. rash at head moving down. rash preceded by coryza, cough, conjunctivits and koplik spots on buccal mucosa. pathogen? | measels. paramyxovirus |
| unimmunized child. microbe colonizing nasopharynx. can lead to myalgia and paralysis. pathogen? | H. influenzae type B, poliovirus |
| unimmunized child. grayish oropharyngeal exudate. pseudomembranes in throat. pathogen? | Corynebacteria diptheriae. (toxin causes necrosis in parynx and CNs tissue) |
| unimmunized child. epiglottis. fever with dysphagia, drooling, difficulty breathing due to cherry red epiglottitis. pathogen? | H. influenzae type B |
| Pus, empyema, abscess. pathogen? | S. aureus |
| Pediatric epiglottis. pathogen? | Hamophilus influenzae |
| pneumonia in CF or burn victims. pathogen? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| branching rods in oral infection. sulfur granules. pathogen? | actinomyces israelii |
| traumatic open wound. pathogen? | clostridium perfringens |
| surgical wound. pathogen? | S. aureus |
| dog or cat bite. pathogen? | pateurella multocida |
| currant jelly sputum. pathogen? | Klebsiella |
| Positive PAS stain. pathogen? | Tropheryma whippeli (Whipple's disease) |
| sepsis/miningitis in newborns. pathogen? | group B strep |
| healthcare provider with needle stick. disease? | Hep B |
| Fungal infection in DM. pathogen? | Mucor or rhizopus spp. |
| Asplenic pt. pathogen? | encapsulated. SHiN: S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type B, N. meningitidis) |
| Chronic granulatomous disease. pathogen? | catalase positive microbes |
| neutropenic patients. pathogen? | candida albicans (systemic), aspergillus |
| Bilateral Bell's palsy. pathogen? | Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease) |
Created by:
tjs2123
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