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Lecture 13

Lipids/Lipoproteins

QuestionAnswer
Cholesterol travels in circualtion in shperical particles containing both lipids and proteins. These particles are called? lipoproteins
what are the three main classes of lipoproteins measured in the serum VLDL, LDL, HDL
VLDL are composed mostly of? triglycerides
what is the main atherogenic class of lipoproteins LDL
How does HDL affect ones risk for development of atherosclerosis inversely
how often should a fasting lipoprotein profile be obtained in adults over 20 it should be obtained every 5 years
In a patient that is non-fasting what parts of the fasting lipoprotein profile will be usable the Total and HDL will be usable (get follow-up if total is >200 or HDL is <40)
what is the optimal level for LDL <100
what level of LDL is high >160
what level of Total cholesterol is desirable <200
what level of total cholesterol is high >240
what level of HDL is desireable >40
what are the 5 modifiable CHD risk factors 1) Smoking 2)Hypertension 3) Low HDL 4) Family Hx 5) Age
what is the LDL goal if you have CHD or CHD risk equivalents <100
what is the LDL goal if you have 2+ risk factors <130
what is the LDL goal if you have 0-1 risk factors <160
oxidation of LDL has been shown to increase atherogenesis how can that be inhibited anti-oxidants
what is the only gentically determined component of lipoproteins apolipoproteins
what is the major protein component of HDL particles Apolipoprotein A1
what is the major protein component of LDl Apolipoprotein B100
how does Lp(a) affect thrombosis Lp(a) can compete for the binding of plasminogen to its cell membrane receptor on the endothelial surface
how does homocysteine enhance the atherosclerotic process Generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, enhanced coagulation, inhibiting dilation of small arteries, promoting smooth muscle proliferation
what happens when Homocystein and LDL interact they form LDL-homocysteine thiolactone aggregates which are taken up by macrophages and subsequently incorporated into foam cells in early atherosclerotic plaques
how can you lower serum concentrations of homocysteine treatment with daily supplements of folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12
what is a better predictor of cardiovascular events fasting or non-fasting triglycerides non-fasting triglycerides
how are foam cells formed from LDL Ox-LDL is taken up in macrophage scavenger receptors, promoting cholesterol ester accumulation and foam cell formation
Created by: UVAPATH3
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