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FBSF Chapter 8
FBSF Chapter 8 The Integumentary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The integumentary system is made up of | 1. Skin 2. Hair 3. Nails 4. Sebaceous glands(sebum-oil) 5. Cerumenous glands(cerumen-earwax) 6. Sudoriferous glands(sweat) |
| The skin: | 1.Is flexible 2.Is waterproof 3.Protects the body from UltraViolet (UV)light 4.Protects the body from many chemicals & microbes 5.Regulates body temperature(evaporation) |
| The outermost layer of skin is called the | epidermis (epi-above//dermi-skin) |
| The epidermis is composed of | epithelial cells |
| Epithelia cells reproduce by | mitosis(30,000/day)(cells duplicate themselves) |
| Newer epithelial cells push upward where they slowly | necrose(die) this process is called keratinization (pushed from the bottom to top) |
| These keratinized cells are constantly being | sloughed (400 lb of house dust by age 45) |
| Skin sloughing (shedding) helps rid the body of | pathogens(disease producers) |
| The second layer of the skin is called the | dermis AKA corium |
| The dermis AKA (corium) consists of | connective tissue (collagenous & elastin fibers) |
| The function of collagen is to | bind skin cells together |
| Embedded in the dermis(corium) are | 1. Blood vessels 2. Nerves 3. Lymph vessels 4. Hair follicles 5. Sebaceous glands(sebum-oil) 6. Sudoriferous glands(2-4 million sweat glands/cool body down) |
| Sweat is released through ossa(plural)(os/opening) called | sudoriferous pores |
| The last layer of the skin is called the | subcutaneous (subQ or subcu) AKA hypodermis |
| The subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) consists mainly of | adipose tissue(fat) |
| The subcutaneous tissue(hypodermis) attaches the | dermis(corium) to the underlying muscles |
| The fibrous connective tissue of the body is called | fascia |
| When skin is subjected to an excessive amount of abrasion or friction, a thickened area develops called a | callus(calluses) |
| Skin pigmentation(color) is genetically determined by the amount of | melanin produced |
| A genetic mutation causing an absence of melanin production is called | albinism |
| Dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis(corium) causes | erythroderma AKA erythema AKA rubeosis |
| Causes of erythema include | 1.Pyrexia(fever) 2.HyperTensioN ((HTN) 3.Inflammation 4.Blushing |
| A bluish discoloration of the skin caused by hypoxia or hypothermia(deficient Oxygen/O2 or body heat) is called | cyanosis(cyanotic) |
| Excessive hemolysis(break-up) of erythrocytes or hyperbilirubinemia causes a yellowish orangish discoloration to the skin and/or sclerae(white part of each eye) called | xanthoderma or jaundice or icterus (kernicterus/newborn-neonate) |
| Hair is a characteristic of all | mammals |
| On humans, hair can be found on the entire body except for the | 1.Palms 2.Soles 3.Glans penis |
| Each hair is composed of | 1. A shaft - visible portion of the hair 2. A root - is found in the epidermal tube 3. Follicle - is where mitosis occurs (hair grows/cell duplication) |
| Attached to each hair follicle is an arrector pili muscle which causes the hair shaft to | "stand on it end" causing a "goose flesh" appearance when we get scared or cold |
| Genetics will control | 1.Hair color 2.Hair texture 3.Hair loss(alopecia) |
| The visible part of a nail is called a | nail body |
| The part of a nail that grows is called a | nail bed |
| The base of a nail is covered by tissue called a | cuticle AKA eponychium |
| Onychocryptosis is | an abnormal condition of an ingrown (hidden) nail |
| Onychomycosis is | an abnormal condition of a nail(s) caused by a fungus |
| Paronychia is | a condition of inflammation adjacent to a nail |
| Cicatrix (cicatrices) | scar(s) |
| keloid | an exaggerated or hypertrophied scar |
| keloids are associated with | surgery & 3rd degree burns |
| Ecchymosis(ecchymotic) | black & blue mark caused by bleeding under the skin AKA hematoma or contusion or bruise |
| edema(edematous) | tissue swelling caused by an accumulation of fluid |
| ulcer | an erosion (wearing away) of the skin or mucous membrane |
| Decubitus ulcer is AKA | bedsore or pressure sore(ulcer) |
| pitting edema | fluid accumulation where indentations occur after light palpation(touch) |
| eschar(esharotic) | nectrotic tissue caused by a burn |
| macule(macular) | flat usually erythematous skin lesion |
| Decubitis ulcers commonly occur on bony prominences (pressure points) such as | 1.coccyx(tailbone) 2.Calcanei(heel bones) 3.Olecranon(Holy crayons)(elbows) 4.Scapulae(shoulder bone) 5.Occipital bone(posterior base of the cranium/skull) 6.Pelvis(ilia/hip or ischia/sit on) |
| papule(papular) | a raised skin lesion <1cm..less than |
| nodule(nodular) | a raised skin lesion >1cm..greater than |
| nevus(nevil) | mole(s) or birthmark(s) |
| petechia(e) | pinpoint skin hemorrhage(s) |
| purpura | a combination of ecchymosis/back & blue marks and petechiae/pinpoint skin hemorrhage |
| pustule(pustular) | a papule filled with pus <1cm..less than |
| abscess(abcesses) | a collection of pus >1cm..greater than |
| verruca(e) | warts |
| pallor | paleness |
| vesicle | a raised lesion filled with a clear liquid AKA a blister or bulla(>1cm=greater than) or bleb(<1cm=Less than) |
| abrasion | mechanical superficial damage to the skin AKA scrape |
| excoriation | chemical superficial damage to the skin such as "diaper rash" |
| cellulitis(dermatitis) | inflammation of skin cells |
| urticaria | hives AKA wheals |
| Urticaria is an indication of an | allergic reaction |
| cyst | a thickening or lump |
| furuncle | an infection of a hair follicle and adjacent tissue AKA a boil |
| carbuncle(car load) | a cluster of furuncles |
| gangrene(ganrenous) | putrefaction(rot) caused by tissue necrosis and microbial proliferation |
| laceration | tissue that is cut, torn or ripped |
| avulsion | tearing any part of the body away from the whole |
| xeroderma | dry skin |
| ichthyosis | dry scaly skin |
| crustation(s) | scab(s) |
| vitiligo(Michael Jackson) | localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by mild-white patches |
Created by:
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