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About Volcanoes
6th Grade Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Magma Chamber | The pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects. |
| Pipe | A long tube through which magma moves from the magma chamber to Earth's surface. (Narrow almost vertical crack in crust) |
| Vent | The opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano--leaves the pipe. |
| Lava Flow | The area covered by lava as it pours out of a volcano's vent--river of lava. |
| Volcano | A weak spot in the crust where magma/molten material has come to the surface. |
| Magma | The molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle. |
| Lava | Liquid Magma that reaches the surface; also the rock formed when liquid lava hardens (as it cools). |
| Ring of Fire | A major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean. |
| Island Arc | A string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep ocean trench. Japan, New Zealand, Indonesia, Caribbean Islands, Philippines and the Aleutians |
| Hot Spot | An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it, like a blow torch. (Hawaiian Islands formation, Yellowstone National Park) |
| Crater | A bowl-shaped area that forms around a volcano's central opening (vent). |
| Silica | A material that is formed from the elements oxygen and silicon; found in magma. Amount in magma determines how easily the magma flows. One of the most abundant materials in Earth's crust and mantle |
| Pahoehoe | A hot, fast-moving type of lava that hardens to form smooth, ropelike coils, wrinkles. Produced from Quiet eruption |
| aa | A slow-moving type of lava that hardens to form rough, jagged chunks; cooler that pahoehoe. Produced from Quiet eruption |
| Pyroclastic Flow | The expulsion of ash, cinders, bombs, and gases during an explosive volcanic eruption. (Explosive eruption) |
| Active | Said of a volcano that is erupting or has shown signs of erupting in the near future. "LIVE" |
| Dormant | Said of a volcano that does not show signs of erupting in the near future. "SLEEPING" |
| Extinct | Said of a volcano that is unlikely to erupt again. "DEAD" |
| Hot Spring | A pool formed by groundwater that had risen to the surface after being heated by a nearby body of magma. |
| Geyser | A fountain of water and steam that builds up pressure underground and erupts at regular intervals. (Old Faithful) |
| Geothermal Energy | Energy from water or steam that has been heated by magma. Can provide a clean, reliable energy source. Iceland - uses for warmth in homes and electricity--as well as N'ern California and New Zealand. |
| Where do most volcanoes occur? | Near boundaries of Earth's plates and along the edges of continents, in island arcs or along mid-ocean ridges. |
| What are some volcano hazards | Pyroclastic flows, avalanches of mud, damage from ash, lava flows,and deadly gases |
| Shield Volcano | A wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions. This is how Hawaiian Islands were created |
| Cinder Cone | A steep, cone-shaped hill or mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening. Sunset Crater |
| Composite Volcano | A tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials. (Mt Fuji, Mt St Helens, Mt Hood) |
| Caldera | The large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the roof of a volcano's magma chamber collapses. |
| Volcanic Neck | A deposit of hardened magma in a volcano's pipe--looks like a giant tooth stuck in the ground |
| Dike | A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself across rock layers |
| Sill | A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma squeezes between layers of rock. |
| Batholith | A mass rock formed when a large body of magma cooled inside the crust. |
| 5 landforms formed from lava and ash? (beneath the surface) | Volcanic Necks, Dikes, Sills, Batholiths, Dome Mountains |
| Lava on surface creates these landforms | Shield Volcanoes, Cinder Cones, Composite Volcanoes and Plateaus |
| Benefit of Volcanoes | Fertile Soil |
| What planets have extinct volcanoes similar to earth?? | Venus and Mars |
| Where have spacecrafts photos volcanic activity | On moons of Jupiter and Neptune |
| two oceanic plates collide what may be result? | Volcanoes in an inland arc. |
| force that causes magma to erupt at surface | dissolved gases under pressure |
| Eruption of thin, fluid lava | a quiet eruption |
| Alternating layers of lava and volcanic ash are found in | Composite Volcanoes |
Created by:
Trinklea595
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