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Path 19
Cytolpathology Tutorial
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is carincoma in situ | when the epithelium is completely replaced by cells having the characteristics of "cancer" cells |
What is dysplasia | epithelial changes "less than" carcinoma in situ, usually graded as mild, moderate or severe |
What is the CIN for severe dysplasia | CIN III |
What is the CIN for carcinoma in situ | CIN III |
What are some limitations of cytopathology | Hard to classify tumor type, specimen is lmitied to the surface of the lesion, extent and depth of invasion cannot be determined, exact location may not be pinpointed |
The accuracy of cytodiagnosis is dependent on ??? factors | Experience of the collector and examiner, sampling method used, and target organ to be sampled |
Is cytologic testing more sensitive or specific | Speceificity is higher (can rule in (spIN) not rule out snOUT) |
What are some causes of error in cytodiagnosis | Inadequate sampling, Poor fixation or inadequate cell preservation, suboptimal laboratory techniques and staining |
What is the best indicator of the biological potential of the cell | the cell nucleus |
What do the nuclei of malignant cells look like | enlarged hyperchromatic nuclei leading to an increased nuclear;cytoplasmic ratio |
What does it mean when a nucleus is enlarged | there is DNA synthesis |
What does hyperchromasia indicate | More DNA/chromatin per unit area, DNA/RNA synthesis |
What does it mean when there is a high N:C ratio | cell is differentiated more likely proliferating |
what does it indicate when the chromatin are irregular | more nuclear activity in more areas of the nucleus, active transcription in areas of euchromatin |