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cali integumentary
cali anatomy and physiology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
integumentary system | the skin and the structures that develop from it |
integument | the skin |
cutaneous membrane | also the skin or integument |
the five functions of the skin are | protection, excretion, temperature regulation, sensory perception, and synthesis of vitamin D |
what are the two major layers of the skin | epidermis and the dermis |
which of the major layers is the outer layer? | epidermis |
the epidermis is composed of what epithelium | stratified squamous |
which of the two major layers of the skin is the thicker inner layer? | dermis |
the dermis is composed of what type of tissue? | fibrous connective |
what is beneath the dermis? | hypodermis |
the epidermis lacks what? | blood vessels |
the epidermis obtains nutritients from what? | the blood vessels in the underlying dermis |
what does the epidermis protect the body against? | the entrance of pathogenic organisms, ultraviolet radiation, and excessive water loss |
what is the most inner layer of the cells? | the stratum basale |
which layer continuously produces new cells by mitotic cell division? | stratum basale |
what enables the epidermis to repair itself if it is injured? | the constant division of cells in the stratum basale |
a waterproofing protein that is resistant to abrasion | keratin |
what consists of numerous layers of dead, flat, keratinized cells? | stratum corneum |
what is composed of fibrous connective tissue | dermis |
what provides strength, extensibility, and elasticity | dermis |
what two type of fibers are abundant in the dermis | collagen and elastic |
conelike projections of the dermis that fit into recesses in the epidermis | dermal papillae |
what receptors are located in the deeper portions of the dermis | pressure, pain, heat, and cold |
what plays an important role in temperature regulation? | dermal blood vessels |
the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia ataches the skin to unerlying tissues and organs is | hypodermis |
the hypodermis is composed of what two types of tissue | loose and adipose tissue |
serves as a heat insulator and a storage site for fat | hypodermis |
red pigment in red blood cells that gives red color to blood | hemoglobin |
yellowish pigment found in the stratum corneum and dermis | carotene |
brown black pigment that is formed by melanocytes | melanin |
special cells found in the deeper layers of the epidermis | melanocytes |
the amount of melanin that a person can produce is what | inherited |
the greater the production of melanin the _____ the skin color | darker |
melanin protects the body from what | ultraviolet radiation |
when melanin is concentrated in small patches it is called | freckles |
the increased production of melanin is a protective ______ ______ | homeostatic mechanism |
why do tans dissapear? | because the tanned cells migrate to the surface and are sloughed off |