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us history midterms
honors us history
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Christian crusaders | -went out to seek a cheaper route -led to the discovery of america -craved things from asia (silks, sugar, drugs,perfumes |
| christopher columbus | sailed in october 1492 -discovery led to globalization -seeked a new water route -succesful faiure( wanted to go to asia) |
| queen isabella and king fernidad | king and queen of spain -supported christopher columbus' voyage |
| European impact on Native Americans | -religon= converted indians to christianity -gave natives diseases( smallpox, measels) -90% of indians died after columbus' arrival |
| New World discovery | offered raw materials -metals, sugar cane, and soil for crops -made spain lead in wealth and discovery |
| joint stock company | paid for the first permanent colonies in America -provided the financial means -known as the virginia company of london |
| Jamestown | founded to make money -easy to defend, mosquito infested, unhealthful -john smith: saved colony -settlers died from malnutrition etc... |
| Powhatans | -didn't have advanced weaponery like colonist -pochohantas= chiefs daughter -pocohantas kept the peace between the indians and settlers |
| colonies foundation | lord de la warr= new governor -colonist died quickly -joint stock company provided finanacial means -starving time |
| John Smith | saved Jamestown/virginia "he who shall not work, shall not eat" -was the main leader of jamestown |
| Differences between the colonist in the north and the south | north= religiously devoted, puritans, fur traders, and fishers south=went to the south for tobacco and "riches" |
| New England confederation | -firstmilestone to colonial unity -esssentially only for the puritans -purpose was to fight against foes/ potential foes(dutch, french, and indians) |
| Roger Williams | religious dissenter -wanted religous freedom -waas banished from the mass. bay colony -fled to rhode island |
| Rhode island | -1st baptist church -freedom of religion -most liberal than any other colony -sheltered dissenters -founded by roger williams |
| Maryland | religious refuge for catholics -second plantation colony -toleration to all christians(act of toleration) -didnt accept jews and atheist -lord baltimes=founder |
| Massachucets bay colony | established by non spereating puritans, it soon became the larget and most influencial of the New England colonies |
| West indies | -found by columbus -sugar= the west indie economy |
| virginia | john rolfe=econcomic savior of Virginia and father of tobbacco -tobacco -most populous counrty |
| pennsylvania | refuge for quakers -respected the indians -founded by william penn -welcomed masons and shoe makers -advertising |
| Georgia | refuge for debtors -was a buffer to protect carolinas from spain -kings george wanted no slavery in georgia -James oglethorpe: wanted prison reform |
| Carolinas | -south and north -wine, silk, and olive oil, and rice -slaves:used on rice plantations, were a majority of carolinians |
| New netherland | "new york" -established by the dutch for a profit -fur trade, a secondary intrest for founders -dutch also bought mannhattan for the worthless trinkets |
| Regional differences(south ,middle, north) | south- slavery, rice, indigo, few cities middle-popul.=ethnically mixed, few industries, water wheel north-democracy, puritans, education, litteracy |
| immigrants to the colonies | -indentured servants "white slaves" 3/4 of european immigrants -slaves from africa -chesapeak planters bought 100000 indentured servants by 1700 |
| slavery | most slaves went to the west indies&south america -some coonies made it a crime to educate slaves -middle passage:slaves bought on ships -saves replaced indentured servants |
| Salem witch trials | -adolescent girls claimed to be bewitched by older women -occured in 1692 -20 lynched(19 died) -ended in 1693 -showed fear of religious traditionaist |
| 3 regions and their differences | South-slavery Middle- dissenters New england- reigion |
| Ben Franklin | the first civiized american -best known for poor richards almanack - inspired by the enlightenment -won numerous honors in england |
| Phillis wheatly | -slave -compares best of the poetry -published a book of verse showing the influence of ALexander Pope |
| Robert De La Salle | -sent to check the spanish penatration in the gulf of mexico -named great interior basin in Louisianna in honor of Louis XIV -Floated down the mississippi |
| seven years war | -was a 7 seas wwar -britan and prussia v. france spain austria and russia |
| Proclimation of 1763 | -issued by parliament in the wake of pontiacs uprising -prohibited settlement beyond apps. -contributed to rising resentment of british rues in American colonies |
| Boston Massacre | american protest -5 were dead -patriots used it to organize colonist -1770 |
| Sugar act | collect taxes a preosecute smuggles |
| quartering act | made colonist supply british soldiers with food, and shelter |
| Stamp act | taxed printed materials (newspapers and books) |
| boston tea party | -1773 -Tea was dumped into the boston ports -after, ports were closed |
| 3 ways colonist protested | violence, itellectual, and economic |
| 3 ways colonist protested: violence | -mobs destroyed governors home -rebels feathered tax collectors -boston tea party |
| 3 ways colonist protested: itelectual | -advocated natural rights -government was a social contract with citizens |
| 3 ways colonist protested: Economic | -boycott of goods -daughters of liberty were homespun |
| British and taxes of colonist | -after french and indian war parliament began placing taxes -by placing taxes parliament had control |
| First continental congress | 1774 meeting -met in philadelphia -meeting of colonial delegates to protest the intolerabe acts -John adams:felt a new country was being born |
| Patrick henry (quote) | give me liberty of gie me death (first cont. congress meeting) |
| Second continental congress | -colonial deegates met in philadelphia -may 1775 -organized a bigger fight against the british |
| Olive Branch Peitiion | -Britan responded by sending more troops -sent to britan reaffirming alligence to King George but notpariament -petition was rejected |
| Battle of Saratoga | -october 1777 -patriots won -the victoy convinced France to form an alliance with Americans and send troops -won w/ the hep of benedict arnold |
| John Burgoyne | british general in the battle of saratoga who invaded the hudson valley falling into a trap at saratoga |
| French and the Revolution | -french fleet arried to help cut off british forces -coronwallis was trapped on a penninsula YORKTOWN -1781- Cornwallis surrenduered to Layfeete and Washington ending the war |
| Treaty of paris | -women gained few rights -recognized AMerican independence -Many african americans were renslaved -Ben Franklin negotiated the treaty gaining more territory for US then what was gained on the battlefield |
| Slavery and the ratification of the const. | -founding father failed to abolish slavery -feared that a fight over slavery would destroy the national unity |
| Articles of Confederation | -approved when states claiming weastern lands surrenduered the lland -first constitutional gov. of the US -left congress unable to enforce a tax collection program -no executive branch -major legeslatives required a 1/2 vote to pass congress |
| northwest ordiance | -1787 -established a procedure for governing the old northwest territory -forbade slavery in the Old Northwest -tried to promote trade |
| Shays rebellion | provoked by foreclosures on the mortgages of back country farmers -led by daniel shay -many of the farmerswere rev. war veterans |
| The debtors of shay rebellion wanted... | 1. paper money 2. light taxes 3. no forclosures |
| Philadephia convention | -james madison notably contributed -held in may 1787 in secrecy -waneted to revise articles of confederation |
| Father of the constitution | james madison 36 at the time made notable contributions |
| Major participants at the constitutional convention | -thomas jefferson -john adams -alexander hamilton:5 hour speech about a powerful gov. -Washington=selected as chairman James Madison -Ben franklin=held his tongue |
| Great compromise | -each state had 2 senates, larger states had more -worked out an acceptabe scheme for apportioning congressional representation -delegates agreed every tax bill woud originate in the house |
| Anitfederalist (ratification) | -opposed a stronger federal gov. -thomas jefferson, and madison -the freedoms of individuals were jeopardized by the absence of the bill of rights |
| Fesderalist (ratification) | -wanted a strong central government -akexander hamilton, washington, franklin -wealthhy, educated, organzized -wealthier, more educ |
| Bill of Rights | -first 10 ammendments in the const. -secure the rights of individuals and reserve the states powers not prohibited by the const. |
| Alexander Hamilton | Secratary of treasury in washingtons cabinet -native of the british west indies -created an economic program -soldier in the rev. war |
| Hamiltons economic program | -felt the gov should be ruled by an enlightened ruling class -needed the support of the wealthy and powerful and obtained it by investing in them to sucess the nation |
| National Debt Plan (Hamilton) | -selling of pubic land, protecctive tariff -would take over the debt of states causing the states &fed. bond holders to oo to the central gov. and have a vested stake in the central gov. being sucessful |
| Bank Of the United States | -once they got money from taxes,tarrifs, and and theyd put it into a national bank -bank would provide loans for buisness and givce the government a safe place to put the funds -20 yr charter |
| Whiskey Rebellion | -1794 -western farmers began terorrizing excise collectors in pitsburg -tax n whiskey angered farmers -washington caused resistance to collapse |
| Federalist party platform | -hamitonians -favored the wealthy -national bank -strong central gov -loose interp. of const. -protective tarrif -trade -pres=like a kind |
| Jeffersonian Republican platform | -french -favore farmers -bill of rights -favored S and W -freedom of speech -agrarian gov -strict interp. of the const. -republicans |
| Washingtons farewell address | -disliked parties and alliances - warned country to stay out of ruopean affairs -avoid all permanent alliances -states in 1776 |
| XYZ affair | -diplomatic confict bw France and US when american envoys were asked to pay a bribe to meet w/ french foreign minister result = us wanted repect, quasi war |
| who was X, Y, AND Z | -3 americans sent -Chares Pickney, john marshall, and elbridge jerry |
| Quasi War | -french ships began capturing american vessels in response to jays treaty -over XYZ affrair |
| How did the quasi war end? | when french saw US and British ties increase -napolean sought peace |
| alien acts | -passed by adams and the federalist alien: raised residency requirement to 14 years and gave the president the power to deportany immigrants(made it harder to imm) |
| Sedition acts | passed bby adams and federalist -made anyone convicted of defaming the gov liable to imprisonment and arge fine |
| virginia and kentucky resoloutions | -statements secretly drafted by jeff. and madison -gave the states power -in response to aien and sedition acts -argued states were the final arbituers |
| jefferson as president | -won the election of 1800 -republicans got power -Louisianna Purchase |
| Aaron burr | fought along side genera arnold and wilkinson -electoral tie bw burr and jeff (house of reps chose jeff.) made them enemies -Kiled hamiton and was indicted (arrested for it) -went west and gained New Orleans territory |
| Election of 1800 | -caled rev of 1800 because it changed the politica fabric of gov. -federaist attempted to keep powerr with midnight appointments |
| John Marshall | -judge in marbury v. Madison case -showed the power of judicial review -charged burr with law of treason and acquiteed burr |
| Marbury v. Madison | Marbury sued madison to force him to deliever his commision as a justice of the peace -established the principal of judicial review |
| judicial review | idea that the supreme court had the most authority |
| Louisianna Purchase | -doubled us territory -15 milion .03 cents an acre -jefferson feared purchase bc his views of the constitution -napolean sold land to focus more on France |
| Lewis and Clark | -expedition took 2 1/2 years -Jefferson sent lewis and clark to ecplore louisianna territtory and pacific NW -demonstarted viability of the overand trail -aided by sacagewea |
| Embargo Act | -1807 -led to smugling -How america responded to impressment -american merchants disliked the act -stopped all trade by boat |
| Macons Bill No. 2 | -couldnt stop british offenses on sea -the weak non intercourse act & congressional lure madison was left enforcing -implied in britan/frace repealed trade restrictions the us would reinstate embargo against non repealing nation |
| Battle of New Orleans | Defeat of british (US won) -wave of nationalism -American economy =crippled -during the battle a treaty was signed |
| Tecumseh | -angry with british poicies -shawnee tribe member who attempted to united tribes along the miss. -aimed to recaim NW territory and end white movement |
| Tipecanoe | -battle of tippecanoe -william Harrisson drove natives out of prophets town |
| War of 1812 | -over trade& the impressment -bred greater independence -Americans v. British -6000americans= killed/ wounded -ignited by french rev |
| Rush Baggot agreement | bw Us and Britan limitig naval arament on great lakes |
| Hartford convention | -26 men met for 3 weeks -discussion of souther and western intrests in congress &white house |
| At the Hartford Convention federalist hoped to achieve.... | -limits on trade -presidency to one term -prohibit the election of 2 sucessive presidents from the same states -abolition of the 3/5 clause |
| Tariff of 1816 | -first traiff in AMerican History -instituted for protection, not for revenue -created a trend for the desire of protection |
| Missouri compromise | -laster 34 years -maine became a free state missouri messed up the balance of power -missouri and arkansas=slavery -led to civil war -36'30' above=free below=slave state |
| Marshaland supreme court cases | -deicisons showed supreme courts power over the states -cases= gibbons v. obdegen, Fletcher v. Peck... |
| Monroe doctrine | -adams broered deal in 1823 2 main points: 1. european power couldn't intervene 2. no colonization in the americas |
| Corrupt bargain | -dea be canidate john adams and henry clay to throw the election -to be decided by house of reps adams wins -became rally cry for supporters of andrew jackson who got the popularity vote in 1824 |
| spoils system | -widely abused by office seekers but helped cement a two party system -1st widey employed @ the federal level by jackson |
| Nullification Crisis | showdown bw ANdrew Jackson and South Carolina leg -declared 1832 tariff null and void in the state& threatened secession if the fed. gov. tried to collect duties -resolved by a comprimise made by henry cay |
| Force bill | -passed by congress alongside the compromise tariff -authorized president to use millitary to collect federal tariff duties -occured in 1833 |
| Manifest destiny | -mid 19th century expansion -annex of texas -louisianna purchase -oregon territory -gaining cali and new mexico -belief that US was destined by God to spread its "empire liberty" |
| Texas | -gone to texas (gtt) -some were running away from their past -famous pioneers= crockett & bowie -by 1835 30000 texan americans were settled -independent nation |
| Stephen Austin | father: Moses got the right to start a colony -sent to prison for 8 months -immigrants HAD to convert to catholocism -wanted immigrants to be mexicanized |
| Lone star Rebellion | -named sam houston commander and chief -texas= independent -santaAnna brought 6000 troops to sweep through texas -at the almo the texans held out 13 days against larger numbers but lost in the end -survirors= executed |
| annexation of texas | james k pol won election due to his desire to expand -john tyler annexed texas dur to its popular support -most were good citizens some were going to texas to run away from troubled past -people had to be catholic and mexicanized |
| Election of 1840 | -won by wiliam harrison with 234 electoral votes -Van Buren v. Harrisson -whig v. democrat "tippecanoe and tyler" |
| Wilmot Proviso | an amendment to a funding bill that was created by President James K. Polk and was made to establish and fund peace negotiations with Mexico for a Treaty to end the Mexican American War |
| Indian removal act of 130 | -Removed indians west of the missisippi -was an area unknown to them -trail of tears -georgia refused to see cherokee as a nation |
| 49th parallel | -the boundary bw US and Canada -due to the british belief that territory was not worth fighting for |
| How Polks war with Mexico Began | -criticism from whigs -Mexican troops crossed te rio grande& attacked american forces -lead to the mexican war -Polk "American blood has been shed on American soil" |
| Treaty of Guadalope-Hidalgo | -how mexican war ended -mexico ceeded New Mexico and Caifornia -Rio Grande= Acknowledged border -US Agreed to pay 15 milion |
| Eli Whitney | inveted the cotton gin |
| Industrial Revoloution | south= slower north=faster -canals -decreased trnasportation time -erie cana -manufactuered goodss -system of manufacturing= machinery did work |
| Cult of Domesticity | -removed women from the real world -2 spheres: women at home and men in buisness/ politics -more education, less children women learned to become more educated (had more time to read an d write |
| Mormonism | -poligomy -started in New York -Teachings were offensive to non mormons -utah= center of religion -moved to utah after smith was killed Joseph smith= founder of the religion |
| poligamy | multiple wives |
| positives an dnegatives of annexation of texas | positives- good cheap land& people could move west Negatives- drove states apart because slavery |
| outcome of the mexican war | -santa fe trail -texas -new mexico -pacific ocean |
| sectionalism | souther economy was based on slavery -north thought south was favored -north= more litterate ( 6% illiterate) south= more illiterate north= industrial south=farming |
| oregon territory | -important for fur trase -modern day orgeon, idaho, washington, and british columbia |
| intolerable acts | colonial label for the coercive acts |
| The federalist | a series of pro - constitution articles printed in NY be Jay, Madison, and Hamilton |
| William Patterson | led the argument for small states fromm NJ |
| Daniel Shays | -indirectly helped create the sucess in Philadelphia where they failed in ANnapolis |
| Judicial Branch | -chosen by electors -includes federal court system -interprets laws for consitutionality |
| Executive branch | power to veto leg |
| Legisative branch | elastic clause |
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lauren.holmes
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