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USMLE - Pharm
Kaplan Section 2 Chapter 1 Autonomic Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Formula for BP | BP = CO x TPR (Bop's Co is a good Tipper) |
| Formula for CO | CO = HR x SV (Give Co Her Sieve) |
| How would you block baroreceptor reflexes? | Block at ganglionic synapse with Nn antagonists |
| How would you block a reflex bradycardia? | the reflex is exerted by increase in PANS, so you would block with M (muscarinic) antagonists |
| How would you block a reflex tachycardia? | the reflex is exerted by an increase in SANS, so block SANS with B1 antagonists |
| If you increase TPR by stimulating a1 receptors, what happens? | You get reflex bradycardia from increase in PANS (M2 receptors) |
| If you decrease TPR by stimulating B2 receptors, what happens? | You get reflex tachycardia from increase in SANS (B1 receptors) |
| What receptors are used in PANS? | Nn at the ganglia and M on the organs |
| What does stimulating PANS do to the eyes? What receptor? | M3. Contracts circular muscles --> miosis. Contracts ciliary muscles --> accomodation. |
| What does stimulating SANS do to the eyes? What receptors? | a1 contracts the radial muscle, B relaxes the ciliary muscle --> mydriasis |
| What does stimulating SANS do for the heart? What receptors? | B1 > B2. Accelerates SA node and pacemakers, increases contractility. |
| What does stimulating PANS do for the heart? What receptors? | Decelerates SA node and decreases atrial contractility. M2 |
| What does stimulating SANS do for the blood vessels? Which receptors? | a contracts the vessels in the skin; B2 relaxes skeletal muscle vessels --> more blood to muscles for fight or flight |
| What does stimulating PANS do for the blood vessels? Which receptors? | M3 - not innervated; only respond to circulating M3 agonists. Makes the endothelium release EDRF (endothelium derived relaxing factor) --> marked vasodilation. |
| What does stimulating SANS do to the bronchi? Which receptors? | B2 - relax the smooth muscle in bronchi --> bronchorelaxation |
| What does stimulating PANS do to the bronchi? Which receptors? | M3 - bronchoconstriction |
| What does stimulating SANS do to the GI/GU tract? Which receptors? | a1 - contract sphincters; B2 - relax smooth muscle of organs; don't pee or poop! |
| What does stimulating PANS do to the GI/GU tract? Which receptors? | M3 - relax sphincters and contract smooth muscle of GI tract and bladder; DO pee and poop!! |
| What does stimulating SANS do to the skin and sweat glands? Which receptors? | a contracts the pilomotor smooth muscle (to make your hairs stand up) and increases secretion of apocrine (stress) sweat glands; M increases thermoregulatory sweat gland secretion |
| What does stimulating PANS do to the skin and sweat glands? Which receptors? | nothing |
| What does stimulating SANS do to one's metabolism? Which receptors? | a and B. a1 B2 Increase glucose (gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis), increase lipolysis, B1 increase release of renin (converts angiotensinogen into ANG 1 --> vasoconstriction --> increase BP) |
| What governs erection and ejaculation? | stimulate M in PANS for erection; stimulate a in SANS for ejaculation |
| What does the renin-angiotensin system respond to? | Decreases in mean blood pressure, which leads to decreased renal blood flow |
Created by:
christinapham
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