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Chapter 8- The DS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aerophagia | The swallowing of air, whether deliberately to stimulate belching, accidentally, or as an involuntary habit. |
| Amebric Dysentery | inflammation of the intestines caused by Endamoeba histolytica; usually acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated with feces; characterized by severe diarrhea |
| Anastomosis | A connection made surgically between adjacent blood vessels, parts of the intestine, or other channels of the body, or the operation in which this is constructed |
| Anorexia Nervosa | is an eating disorder characterized by refusal to maintain a healthy body weight, and an obsessive fear of gaining weight due to a distorted self image |
| Antiemetic | Preventing vomiting |
| Aphthous ulcers | a blister on the mucous membranes of the lips or mouth or gastrointestinal tract |
| Ascites | The accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal swelling |
| Bariatrics | The branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of obesity |
| Boborygmus | A rumbling or gurgling noise made by the movement of fluid and gas in the intestines |
| Botulism | Food poisoning caused by a bacterium (botulinum) growing on improperly sterilized canned meats and other preserved foods |
| Bulimia Nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors. The most common form is defensive vomiting, sometimes called purging; fasting, the use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics, and over exercising are also common. |
| Cachexia | Weakness and wasting of the body due to severe chronic illness |
| Cheilosis | a disorder of the lips marked by scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth; caused by a deficiency of riboflavin |
| Cholangiography | X-ray examination of the bile ducts, used to locate and identify an obstruction |
| Cholangitis | inflammation of the bile ducts |
| Cholecystectomy | Surgical removal of the gallbladder |
| Cholecystitis | Inflammation of the gallbladder |
| Cholera | An infectious and often fatal bacterial disease of the small intestine, typically contracted from infected water supplies and causing severe vomiting and diarrhea |
| Cirrhosis | A chronic disease of the liver marked by degeneration of cells, inflammation, and fibrous thickening of tissue. It is typically a result of alcoholism or hepatitis |
| Colonoscopy | visual examination of the colon (with a colonoscope) from the cecum to the rectum; requires sedation |
| Crohon's disease | A chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, esp. the colon and ileum, associated with ulcers and fistulae |
| Diverticulitis | Inflammation of a diverticulum, esp. in the colon, causing pain and disturbance of bowel function |
| Dyspepsia | Indigestion |
| Dysphagia | Difficulty or discomfort in swallowing, as a symptom of disease |
| Emesis | The action or process of vomiting |
| Enteritis | Inflammation of the intestine, esp. the small intestine, usually accompanied by diarrhea |
| Eructation | A belch |
| Esophageal varices | stretched veins in the esophagus that occur when the liver is not working properly. |
| Esophagogastroduodenoscopy | a test using an endoscope to look at the inside of the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine. Tissue samples can also be taken to test for diseases. |
| Gastroduodenostomy | surgical procedure where the doctor creates a new connection between the stomach and the duodenum |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease | defined as chronic symptoms or mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux of stomach acid to the esophagus. |
| Gastrostomy tube | is inserted into the stomach if the patient is unable to take food by mouth |
| Hematemesis | The vomiting of blood |
| Hemoccult test | A test that checks for hidden blood in the stool. |
| Hepatitis | A disease characterized by inflammation of the liver |
| Herpes labialis | is an infection of the lip by herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). An outbreak typically causes small blisters or sores |
| Hiatial hernia | a condition in which part of the stomach sticks upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm. |
| Hyperemesis | severe and excessive vomiting. |
| ileus | A painful obstruction of the ileum or other part of the intestine |
| inguinal hernia | which a loop of intestine enters the inguinal canal; the most common type of hernia in males |
| Jaundice | A medical condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, arising from excess of the pigment bilirubin and typically caused by obstruction of the bile duct, by liver disease, or by excessive breakdown of red blood cells |
| Melena | Dark sticky feces containing partly digested blood |
| Morbid obesity | More than two times the ideal weight |
| Nasogastric intubation | medical process involving the insertion of a plastic tube (nasogastric tube, NG tube) through the nose, past the throat, and down into the stomach. |
| obesity | The condition of being grossly fat or overweight |
| periodontium | specialized tissues that both surround and support the teeth, maintaining them in the maxillary and mandibular bones. |
| peristalsis | The involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward |
| proctopexy | fixation of a prolapsed anus and rectum |
| regurgitation | blood flow in the opposite direction from normal, as the backward flowing of blood into the heart or between heart chambers |
| salmonellosis | a kind of food poisoning caused by eating foods contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium |
| sigmoidoscopy | Examination of the sigmoid colon by means of a flexible tube inserted through the anus |
| stomatorrhagia | hemorrhage of the mouth |
| trismus | Spasm of the jaw muscles, causing the mouth to remain tightly closed, typically as a symptom of tetanus |
| ulcerative colitis | a serious chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum characterized by recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and fever and chills and profuse diarrhea |
| volvulus | An obstruction caused by twisting of the stomach or intestine |
| xerostomia | abnormal dryness of the mouth resulting from decreased secretion of saliva |
| cholecystalgia | pain in the gallbladder |
| Choledocholithotomy | Surgery that involves the removal of one or more obstructive gallstones from the common bile duct |
| Cholelithiasis | The formation of gallstones |
| diverculosis | A condition characterized by the presence of numerous diverticula in the colon. |
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