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Unit 13 Terms
Treatment of Psychological Disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Eclectic Approach | An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy. |
| Psychotherapy | Treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth. |
| Psychoanalysis | Freud's theory of personality and therapeutic technique that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. |
| Resistance | In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material. |
| Interpretation | In psychoanalysis the analysts noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight. |
| Transference | In psychoanalysis the patients transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships such as love or hatred for a parent. |
| Active listening | Empathetic listening in which the listener echoes,restates, and clarifies. A feature of Roger's client-centered therapy. |
| insight therapies | A variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses. |
| psychodynamic therapy | Therapy deriving from the psychoanalytical tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences and that seeks to enhance self insight. |
| Client-Centered Therapy | A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate a clients' growth. |
| Unconditional Positive Regard | A caring, accepting, non-judgmental attitude,which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance. |
| Behavior Therapy | Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. |
| Counterconditioning | A behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning. |
| Exposure Therapies | Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear. (Imagination or actuality) |
| Systematic Desensitization | A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. (Commonly used to treat phobias.) |
| Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy | An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to stimulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders or public speaking. |
| Aversive Conditioning | A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol). |
| Token Economy | An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats. |
| Cognitive Therapy | Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. |
| Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy | A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior). |
| Family therapy | Therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members. |
| Regression toward the mean | The tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average. |
| Meta-Analysis | A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies. |
| Evidence Based Practice | Clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences. |
| Psychopharmacology | The study of the effects of drugs on the mind and behavior. |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) | A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient. |
| Lobotomy | A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain. |
| Antidepressant Drugs | Drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters. |
| Anti-Psychotic Drugs | Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder. |
| Anti-Anxiety Drugs | Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation. |
| Biomedical Therapy | Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system. |
| Psychosurgery | Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior. |
| Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) | The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity. |
| Resilience | The personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma. |
| Tardive Dyskinesia | Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors. |
| Group Therapy | Psychotherapy conducted with at least three or four non-related individuals who are similar in some are, such as gender, age, mental illness, or presenting problem. |
| Rational Emotive Therapy | A Cognitive Therapy based on Albert Ellis' theory that cognitions control our emotions and behaviors; therefore, changing the way we think about things will affect the way we feel and the way we behave. |
| Gestalt Therapy | Treatment focusing on the awareness and understanding of one's feelings. |
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APPsychology
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