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nativists
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Psych: Ch 3

TermDefinition
nativists psychologists that emphasized the genetic and "natural" characteristics
empiricists psychologists that emphasized learning and experience or "nurture"
evolutionary psychology A field of psychology emphasizing evolutionary mechanisms that may help explain human commonalities in cognition, development, emotion, social practices, and other areas of behavior.
behavioral genetics An interdisciplinary field of study concerned with the genetic bases of individual differences in behavior and personality
genes The functional units of heredity; they are composed of DNA and specify the structure of proteins.
chromosomes Within every cell, rod-shaped structures that carry the genes.
DNA The chromosomal molecule that transfers genetic characteristics by way of coded instructions for the structure of proteins.
noncoding DNA DNA that lies outside the genes.
genome The full set of genes in each cell of an organism (with the exception of sperm and egg cells), together with noncoding DNA located outside the genes.
linkage studies take advantage if the tendency if genes lying close together on a chromosome to be inherited together across generations.
genetic markers A segment of DNA that varies among individuals, has a known location on a chromosome, and can function as a genetic landmark for a gene involved in a physical or mental condition.
evolution A change in gene frequencies within a population over many generations; a mechanism by which genetically influences characteristic of a population may change.
mutate When an error occurs in the copying of original DNA sequence, genes can spontaneously change.
natural selection The evolutionary process in which individuals with genetically influences traits that are adaptive in a particular environment tend to survive and to reproduce in greater numbers that do other individuals; as a result, their traits become more common.
mental modules Independent mental modules to handle specific survival problems.
language A system that combines meaningless elements such as sounds or gesture to form structured utterances that convey meaning.
surface structure the way the sentence is actually spoken or signed (in language)
deep structure how a sentence is to be understood.
syntax the rules of grammar
universal grammar a theory that everyone is sensitive to the core features common to all languages.
overregularizations When a child has learned the syntax, but is naive to other things "goed" "taked me to the store"
computer neural networks Mathematical models of the brain that "learn" by adjusting the connections among hypothetical neurons in response to incoming data.
sociobiology An interdisciplinary field that emphasizes evolutionary explanations of social behavior in animals, including human beings.
heritability A statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic difference among individuals within a group.
identical (monozygotic) twins Twins that develop when a fertilized egg divides into two part that develop into separate embryos.
fraternal (dizygotic) twins Twins that develop from two separate eggs fertilized by different sperm; they are no more alike genetically that are any other pair of siblings.
intelligence quotient (IQ) A measure of intelligence originally computed by dividing a person's mental age by his or her chronological age and multiplying the result by 100; it is now derived from norms provided for standardized intelligence tests.
epigenetics The study of changes in gene expression dues to mechanisms other than structural changes in DNA.
Created by: brbchanel
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