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Heart Location, size, and position
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CPR
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68WM6-Circulatory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heart Location, size, and position | located in mediastinum, 2/3 of mass to the Left, 1/3 to the right, apex on the diaphragm. |
| CPR | Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, rhythmic compression of the heart. |
| Heart Chambers | Two upper chambers, two lower chambers |
| Atria | upper chambers |
| Ventricles | lower chambers |
| Myocardium | cardiac muscle tissue |
| Endocardium | smooth lining of heart chambers |
| Endocarditis | inflammation of the lining of heart chamber |
| Pericardium | covering sac |
| Visceral pericardium or epicardium | inner layer |
| Parietal pericardium | outer layer |
| Systole | contraction |
| Diastole | relaxation |
| Heart Valves | keep blood flowing through the heart and prevent backflow |
| Atriventricular Valves | AV valves, tricuspid and bicuspid valves, located between the atria and ventricles |
| Tricuspid | opening at the right atrium into the right ventricle |
| Bicuspid (mitral) | at the opening of the left atrium into the left ventricle |
| Semilunar valves | Pulmonary valve and Aortic valve |
| Pulmonary valve | beginning of the pulmonary artery |
| Aortic valve | beginning of the aorta |
| "Lup" sound | first sound (lub) cuased by the vibration and closer of the AV valve during contraction of the ventricles (QRS complex) |
| "dup" sound | second sound caused by closure of the semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valves) during relaxation of the ventricles |
| The heart acts as... | two separate pumps |
| Sequence of blood flow: | Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava> R atrium> R Ventricle> pulmonary valve> pulmonary artery> lung> arterioles> capillaries> venules> pulmonary vein> L atrium> L ventricle> aortic valve> aorta >body. |
| Heart blood supply: | coronary circulation |
| Coronary circulation: | Coronary vein> Coronary sinus> R artrium (when the semilunar valves closed)> Normal sequence of blood flow> coronary artery (branching off from the aorta)> heart muscle! |
| MI | myocardial infarction, heart attack, heart tisse death |
| Angina Pectoris | chest pain caused by inadequate O2 to the heart |
| Coronary bypass surgery | veins from other body parts used to bypass clot in the coronary arteries |
| Ventricular Diastole | heart muscle is supplied with oxygenated blood |
| Cardia cycle | one single heartbeat, last 0.8 seconds |
| Stroke volume | volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle each beat |
| Cardiac Output | amount of blood that one ventricle can pump each minute, average is 5L per min. |
| Conduction system of the heart consists of | SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers |
| SA (sinoatrial node) | the pacemaker, located in the wall of R atrium. fires electrical impulse |
| AV node | located in the R atrium (slightly linger the electricle |
| AV bundle (bundle of His) | located in the septum of the ventricle |
| Purkinje fibers | located in the walls of the ventricles (signal the ventricles to contract) |
| ECG | Electrocardiogram, visible tracing of electrical signals |
| P wave | associated with depolarization of the atria |
| QRS complex | associated with depolarization of the ventricles |
| T wave | associated with repolarization of the ventricles |
| Tunica intima | inner layer of endothelial cells (vein has valves) |
| Tunica media | smooth muscle with some elastic tissue, thick in arteries, important in blood pressure regulation (thin in veins) |
| Tunica externa | thin layer of fibrous elastic connective tissue (heavy layer in vein) |
| Systemic circulation | carries blood throughout the body |
| Pulmonary circulation | carries blood to and from lung |
| Hepatic portal circulation | unique blood route through the liver, has two capillary beds, assist with hemostasis of blood glucose level |
| Fetal circulation | circulation before birth, modificat ion required for fetus to efficiently secure oxygen and nutrients from the maternal blood |
| BP | pus or force of the blood in the vessel, highest in the arteries, lowest in the veins |
| Factors influence BP | Blood volume, strength of ventricular contractions, blood viscosity, resistance to blood flow |
| Central venous pressure | venous blood pressure within right atrium |
| Pulse | alternate expansion and recoil of the blood vessel wall |
Created by:
sakal
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