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Grade 10 Chem

Grade 10: Science

TermDefinition
Atomic structure The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense, central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electron.
Electron Structure Way of accounting for the shape of an electron cloud. Indicates which orbitals are occupied. 2,8,8,8,8,8,8 etc...
Bohr Rutherford diagrams Diagrams middle: nucleus with # of positive molecules rings: Electrons (2,8,8,8,8,8,8 etc...)
Binary Compound Chemical compound composed of only two elements.
Polyatomic Compound A charged ion composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded.
Covalent Bond A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule.
Ion Formation Ion formation is the gain or loss of electrons from the outer valence level of an atom so that it acquires a negative or positive charge the value of which is determined by the number of electrons gained or lost.
Ionic Bonding An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that involves a metal and a nonmetal ion.
Synthesis Reaction A chemical reaction n which two or more reactants combine to produce a new product. A+B->AB
Double Displacement A chemical reaction in which the positive ions of two different compounds exchange places; results in the formation of two new compounds, one of which may be a precipitate. AB+CD->AD+CB
Single Displacement A chemical reaction in which one element takes the place of another element in a compound. A+BC->AC+B
Decomposition AB>A+B
pH A measure of hydrogen ion concentration.
pH scale A numerical scale ranging from 0 to 14 that is used to classify aqueous solutions as acidic, basic or neutral. 0-7 is acidic, 7-14 is basic. 7 is neutral.
Acids A compound that produces hydrogen ions, H+(aq), when dissolved in water
Bases A compound that forms hydroxide ions, OH-(aq), when dissolved in water.
Neutralization The reaction of an acid and a base to produce a salt and water.
Created by: smileyface.ps
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