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Chapter 2
Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| environment | The conditions and circum- stances surrounding an organism. |
| plant breeding | The selection and collection of seeds from desirable plants to encourage their traits in future plant production. |
| enzyme | A large, complex protein molecule produced by the body that stimulates or speeds up various chemical reactions without being used up itself; an organic catalyst. |
| rennin | A coagulant enzyme occurring particu- larly in the gastric juice of calves and also in some plants and lower animals. |
| fermantation | The processing of food by means of yeasts, molds, or bacteria. |
| yeast | A yellowish substance composed of mi- croscopic, unicellular fungi of the family Saccha- romycetaceae that induces fermentation in juices, worts, doughs, and so forth. (Herre |
| Heridity | The traits that are passed to an off- spring from the parents. |
| law of segregation | A law, developed by Gregor Mendel in the nineteenth century, that says that the factors responsible for the traits from each par- ent are separated and then combined with factors from the other parent at fertilization |
| law of independent assortment | " \ A law which states that factors (genes) for certain characteris- tics are passed from parent to the next genera- tion and are separate from the other factors or genes that transmit other traits; this separation allows the tremendous amount of diversit |
| cells | The ultimate functional unit of an organic structure, plant, or animal. It consists of a micro- scopic mass of protoplasm that includes a nucleus surrounded by a membrane. In most plants, it is surrounded by a cell wall. |
| vaccine | A substance that contains live, modified, or dead organisms or their products that is injected into an animal in an attempt to protect the host from a disease caused by that particular organism. |
| antibiotic | Germ-killing substances produced by a bacterium or mold. |
| artificial insemination | The deposition of spermatozoa in the female genitalia by artificial rather than natural means. |
| embryo transfer | The process of removing an embryo from a superior female and implanting it into an inferior female. |
| genetic code | The order in which four chemical constituents are arranged in huge molecules of DNA; these molecules transmit genetic information to the cells by synthesizing ribonucleic acid in a corresponding order. |
| vertical gene transfer | The transfer of genetic information from parents to offspring. |
| DNA | A genetic pro- teinlike nucleic acid on plant and animal genes and chromosomes that controls inheritance. |
| double helix | Description of the two spiral- shaped strands of phosphoric acid and deoxyribose found within the nucleus of cells. |
| genetic engineering | The process of removing and/or inserting genetic material in order to change an organism’s trait(s). |
| horizontal gene | A process in which microbes are natural “genetic engineers” transfer- ring genetic material between cells. |
| transfer gene splicing | The process of removing and/or inserting genetic material in order to change an organism’s trait(s). |
Created by:
ReginaWiechert
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