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Animal Science
Classification of Feeds and Ruminants v. Monogastrics
Term | Definition |
---|---|
RUMINANT--- | NO upper front teeth & they are cud chewers |
Mouth | NO chemical breakdown |
Esophagus | moves food to the stomach |
Reticulum | catches heavy objects |
Rumen | Feed is mixed, soaked & fermented by bacteria Lined with papillae |
by products made in the rumen? | methane and carbon dioxide |
In the rumen.... | nutrient absorption takes place & bacteria can turn nitrogen into protein |
Omasum | grinds food using blunt, muscular papillae |
Abomasum | functions like the monogastrics stomach--Chemical breakdown |
CLASSIFICATION OF FEEDS ------Roughages? | feeds with more than 18% crude fiber |
What are the two types of roughages? | Legumes & nonlegumes |
What are legumes? | Plants that can use nitrogen gas from the air**Higher in protein** |
What are no nonlegumes? | PLants that cant use nitrogen gas from the air **LOwer in protein** |
Concentrate ? | less than 18% crude fiber |
What are the two types of concentrates? | protein supplements and energy supplements |
protein supplements? | 20% or more crude protein |
plant protein? | is by products which are soybean mill, cotton seed mill, citrus pulp & distillers/brewers grain |
animal protein? | meat scraps, bone meal & blood meal |
Energy Supplement | less than 20% protein. some energy supplements are grains which are grains--corn,wheat |
MONOGASTRIC--- | animal with a one compartment stomach |
Mouth--Physical breakdown | |
Saliva | moistens food |
Mucin | lubricates |
Mouth--Chemical breakdown | |
Amylase | buffers acid and starts carb breakdown |
Esophagus | moves food to the stomach |
STOMACH---- | has physical and chemical breakdown |
HCI | hydrochloric acid |
Pepsin | breaks proteins into amino acids |
Gastric Lipase | converts fats into fatty acid |
rennin | curdles milk |
Small intestine--3 Parts | duodenum, Pancreas-enzymes create more chemical breakdown, jejenum & illeum |
Small intestine | -nutrient absorbtion : diffusion & villi |
Large Intestine--3 Parts | cecum- horses use to digest grass/hay colon- storage area & removes moisture Rectum- dumps the remains |