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ST110 A&P CH. 8
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are neurotransmitters? | Chemicals that is stored in the synaptic vesicles of the axon of a motor neuron that are involved in the process of contraction. |
| What are dendrites? | An extension of a neuron that receives information; neurons may have one or more dendrites. |
| What is the autonomic nervous system? | Subdivision of the PNS; connects the CNS to the visceral organs via the cranial and spinal nerves to initiate involuntary responses. |
| What carries impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons? | Interneuron; also known as associative neurons |
| Define the term afferent. | Emerge from the sensory organs of the body (such as skin) and transmit impulses back toward the brain and spinal cord; also known as sensory neurons |
| Define the term synapse. | The area between the terminal branches of an axon and the ends of a branched dendrite |
| What is the medical term inflammation of a nerve? | Neuritis |
| What carries impulses away from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles and glands of the body and is also known as motor neurons? | Efferent |
| What is an axon? | The extension of a neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell; a neuron has only one axon |
| What is the somatic nervous system? | Responsible for connecting the CNS to the skin and skeletal muscles via the cranial and spinal nerves to initiate involuntary movements |
| What is the second largest structure of the brain and where is it located? | Cerebellum |
| What forms at the inferior portion of the brainstem, begins at the foramen magnum and ends at the inferior border of the pons? | Medulla oblongata |
| What is composed of gray matter nuclei and located between the midbrain and cerebrum? | Diencephalon |
| What is the cerebral cortex? | A layer of neurons on the surface of the brain that is approximately 2-4mm thick |
| What is the largest portion of the brain and is divided into a right and left hemisphere and also is covered with gyri that is separated by sulci and fissues? | Cerebrum |
| Define the term thalamus. | One of the primary structures of the diencephalon; acts as arelay station to the cerebral cortex for all sensory data from the cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord, and other parts of the cerebrum |
| What is cerebrospinal fluid? | Flows through the intraventricular canal to the third ventricle; is a reabsorbed by fingerlike projections of the anachniod that project into the dural sinuses |
| Three thin layers of protective tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord are known as what? | Meninges |
| What connects the diencephalon to the spinal cord and consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain | Brain stem |
| Define the term ventricle. | One of four cavities in the brain that produce and contain CSF |
| Define olfactory nerve and cranial nerve what? | Sensory nerve that carries smell impulses from receptors in the nasal mucosa to the brain; First (I) |
| Define oculomotor nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve that is responsible for movement of the eyeball, eyelid, pupil construction, and proprioception; Third (III) |
| Define optic nerve and cranial nerve what? | Sensory nerve that carries visual impulses from the eye to the brain; Second (II) |
| Define trochlear nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve that is responsible for movement of the superior oblique muscle of the eyeball and proprioception; Fourth (VI) |
| Define trigeminal nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve that consist of three divisions (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular); Fifth (V) |
| Define abducens nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve that is responsible for movement of the lateral rectus muscle of the eyeball and proprioception; Sixth (VI) |
| Define facial nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve that is responsible for proprioception, taste, fascial expression, and tear and saliva production; Seventh (VII) |
| Define vestibulocochlear nerve and cranial nerve what? | Sensory nerve responsible for hearing and balance and also known as auditory or acoustic nerve; Eighth (VIII) |
| Define glossopharyngeal nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve that functions in blood pressure regulation, taste, proprioception, and saliva production; Ninth (IX) |
| Define vagus nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve responsible for visceral sensation, proprioception smooth muscle contraction/relaxation, and production of digestive fluids and also the longest cranial nerve; Tenth(X) |
| Define (spinal) accessory nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve that functions in the proprioception, swallowing, and movement of the head and neck; Eleventh (XI) |
| Define hypoglossal nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve responsible for movement of the tongue and proprioception |
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casenichole
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