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Vestibular System
Vestibular System- Neuro Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sound waves move _________ ________. | The Tympanic Membrane |
| The Tympanic membrane moves _________. | Ossicles |
| Motion at the _____ window moves ___________________. | 1. Oval Window 2. Fluid in the Cochlea |
| Movement of __________ & __________ in the _________ causes a response in _________ neurons. | 1. Fluid & Stereocilia in the Cochlea 2. Sensory |
| Once a neural response to a sound is generated in the _______ ______, the signal is transferred to & processed by ___________________. This includes the _____________. | 1. Inner ear 2. A series of nuclei in the brain stem 3. Inferior Colliculus |
| After this neural response, OUTPUT is sent to a ______ in the _________. | To a relay in the Thalamus |
| The relay from this output is called __________________. | Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN) |
| MGN projects to ____________________ in the ____________. | 1. Primary Auditory Cortex in the TEMPORAL LOBE |
| The air in the ______________ is continuous with the air in the ________________ via the ___________________. | 1. Middle Ear 2. Nasal Cavities 3. VIA THE Eustachian Tube |
| The Vestibular System is responsible for _________ & _________ of the __________. Gives us our sense of _____________ & ____________ , helps coordinate ____________ of the __________ & _______ and finally helps with ___________ to _________ ________. | 1. Position & Movement of the head 2. Sense of Balance & Equilibrium 3. Coordinates movements of the HEAD & EYES 4. Helps with adjustments to BODY POSTURE |
| The Vestibular Labyrinth includes __ types of structures. Name all. | 2 - The Otolith Organs & The semicircular canals |
| The Otolith organs are responsible for what 2 functions? | 1. Detect the force of gravity 2. Tilts of the head |
| The Semicircular canals are sensitive to ________________. | Head Rotation |
| The otolith organs and semicircular canals are structures of what? | The Vestibular Labyrinth |
| The Otolith organs are a pair of large ___________. | Chambers |
| What are the name of the Otolith chambers and where are they located? | 1. The Saccule 2. The Utricle Located near the CENTER of the Labyrinth. |
| The semicircular canals are the __ arcing structures of the ________. There is about a ___ degree angle between any pair | 3 Labyrinth 90 Degree angle |
| Each hair cell of the vestibular organs makes an _______ _______ with the end of a __________ axon from the _____________ nerve. | 1. Excitatory Synapse 2. Sensory axon 3. Vestibular nerve |
| The vestibular nerve is a branch of what nerve? | Cranial nerve VIII, Vestibulocochlear nerve |
| There are about _____________ vestibular nerve axons on each side of the head. Their cell bodies lie where? | 20,000 The cell bodies lie in SCARPA'S GANGLION |
| What is Scarpa's ganglion? | An area where cell bodies of vestibular nerve lie in. |
| The central vestibular pathways coordinate & integrate information about __________ & ________ _____________. | Head & Body movement |
| The central vestibular pathways use the movement of head and body to control the _______ of __________ ________ that adjust _____, ______ & ________ _________. | 1. Output of Motor Neurons 2. Adjust the head, eye and body positions |
| Primary Vestibular Axons come from what? | Cranial nerve VIII |
| The Primary Vestibular axons make direct connections to the _________ ________ on the ______ ______ of the __________ + _________. | 1. Vestibular nucleus 2. Same side of the BRAINSTEM + CEREBELLUM |
| Vestibular Nuclei also receive inputs from: __________________. | The cerebellum + Visual/Somatic Sensory systems |
| The Vestibular nucleus has several ___________. | Subdivisions |
| With these several subdivisions, the vestibular nucleus PROJECTS to a variety of targets where? | - ABOVE to the brainstem - BELOW to the spinal cord |
| Axons from the Otolith Organs project to ____________________. This then projects via the _____________ tract, exciting _______________. | 1. Lateral Vestibular Nucleus 2. Vestibulospinal Tract 3. Spinal/Motor Neurons |
| These Spinal/Motor neurons control ____________________ that help _____________. | Muscles in the Legs that help maintain POSTURE. |
| This vestibulospinal pathway helps the body ______________. | Maintain posture (even on the rolling deck of a boat) |
| Vestibular nuclei send axons where? This projects to regions close to the representation of the _____ in the ___________________ & _______________ of the ________. | Into the VP (ventral-posterior) nucleus of the thalamus. 1. Face 2. In the Primary Somatosensory & Primary Motor areas of the Cortex |
| What keeps your eyes pointed in a particular direction even while your head and body is moving? | Vestibulo-ocular Reflex (VOR) |
| VOR works by sensing __________ of the _______. It immediately commands a __________ of the eyes in the _________ _______. | 1. Rotations of the head 2. Compensatory movement of the eyes in the opposite direction |
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