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Bio101 Chpt 14 & 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which concept of species would be most useful to a field biologist identifying new plant species in a tropical forest? | morphological |
| The largest unit within which gene flow can readily occur is a ? | species |
| Which of the following is an example of a postzygotic reproductive barrier? | Hybrid offspring of two species of jimsonweeds always die before reproducing. |
| Biologists have found more than 500 species of fruit flies on the various Hawaiian Islands, all apparently descended from a single ancestor species. This example illustrates? | adaptive radiation |
| A new plant species C, which formed from hybridization of species A (2n=16) with species B (2n=12) , would probably produce gametes with a chromosome number of | 14 |
| A horse (2n=64) and a donkey (2n=62) can mate and produce a mule. Hw many chromosomes would there be in a mules' body cells? | 63 |
| What prevents horses and donkeys from hybridizing to form a new species? | limited hbrid fertility |
| When hybrids produced in a hybrid zone can breed with each other and with both parent species, and they survivie and reproduce as well as members of the parent species, one would predict that? | reproductive barriers would lessen and the two parent species would fuse. |
| Which of the following factors would NOT contribute to allopatric speciation? | Gene flow btwn the two populations continues to occur. |
| You set your time machine for 3 billion years ago and push the start button. When the dust clears, you look ou the window. Which of the following describes what you would probably see? | green scum in the water |
| Ancient photosynthetic prokaryotes were very iportant in the history of life because they | produced the oxygen in the atmosphere. |
| The animals and plants of India are very different from the species in nearby Southeast Asia. Why might this be true? | India was a separate continent until about 45 mya |
| Adaptive radiations may be promoted by all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one? | a gradual change in climate |
| A swim bladder is a gas-filled sac that helps fish maintain buoyancy. Evidence indicates that early fish gulped air into primitive lungs, helping them survive in stagnant waters. The evolution is an example of? | exaptation |
| If you were using cladistics to build a phylogenetic tree of cats, which would be the best choice for an outgroup? | kangaroo |
| Which of the following could provide the best data for determining the phylogeny of very closely related species? | a comparison of nucleotide sequences in homologous genes and mitochondrial DNA |
| Major divisions in the geologic record are marked by? | distinct changes in the types of fossilized life. |
| What functions before zygotes form and prevents mating or fertilization btwn species? | prezygotic barrier |
| What functions after hybrid zygotes form and prevents development of fertile adults? | postzygotic barrier |
| Charles Darwin's main focus was on the gradual process of adaptation within populations. This form of change _____. | cannot account for increases in species diversity over time |
| Two animals are considered members of different biological species if they _____. | are male and female, but cannot interbreed |
| Often, the morphological species concept is used to define and describe species. Why? | This is the most convenient way of identifying species, and it is one of the few ways to identify fossil or asexual species. |
| The following options are all reproductive barriers. Which one is an example of a prezygotic barrier in which the two different species do mate? | Two dragonfly species regularly mate, but their gametes are incompatible. |
| Which of these is an example of temporal isolation? | Once species is diurnal (day active) and mates at high noon; the other is nocturnal and mates at night. |
| What is the first step in allopatric speciation? | geographic isolation |
| Sympatric speciation is _____. | the appearance of a new species in the same area as its parent species |
| _____ generated many key crop plant species in the past, and continues to be an important method for plant geneticists today. | ympatric speciation by polyploidy |
| The evolution of numerous ecologically diverse species from a single ancestor in a relatively short time period, as seen in Darwin's finches, is called _____. | adaptive radiation |
| According to the _____ model, evolution occurs in spurts: Species evolve relatively rapidly and then remain unchanged for long periods. | punctuated equilibrium |
| Earth probably formed _____ years ago, and the earliest evidence of life comes from fossils that are _____ years old. | 4.6 billion … 3.5 billion |
| Stanley Miller's experiments involved generating electrical sparks (simulating lightning) in a lifeless vessel containing hydrogen gas, water vapor, methane, and ammonia. The result was that _____. | amino acids and other complex molecules formed in the vessel. This suggested that many of the organic building blocks of life could have arisen on a lifeless early Earth |
| Which of the options places major events in the history of life on Earth in the proper chronological order from earliest to most recent? | first prokaryotes → photosynthesis → first multicellular eukaryotes → first large life on land |
| Radiometric dating _____. | is based on the idea that radioactive isotopes decay at a steady rate in fossils and associated rocks |
| What was Pangaea? | a huge unified land mass that broke up, leading to the formation of the present-day continents |
| Mass extinctions _____. | eliminated many species that were lost forever, but also were followed by diversification of the survivors |
| According to the findings of researchers in the field known as "evo-devo," what kinds of genetic changes are often involved in reshaping the body forms of organisms? | Changes in genes that control development have big effects by altering the developmental process. |
| Two species that share similar homologous structures probably _____. | evolved from a common ancestor that also had the structure |
| Which outgroup could be used in a phylogenetic analysis of relationships among all of the existing families of birds? | a crocodile |
| Systematic biologists have used a wide variety of traits to reconstruct the phylogenies of particular groups of organisms. Which type of trait can also be analyzed to estimate the divergence times between taxa? | gene sequences |
Created by:
dtgs2010
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