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test Review Question
quiz 6 Psych
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a zygote | The group of rapidly dividing cells that hasn’t yet begun to take on a specific function during early pregnancy |
| What does the placenta do | The placenta transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the embryo. |
| What are teratogens | are agents that cause harm to the embryo or fetus during prenatal development |
| • When a baby hears a loud noise for the first time he is easily started. The more often the baby hears the same noise, the less intense his response becomes. This decrease in responding with repeated stimulation is called | habituation |
| All babies achieve the major motor developmental milestones in this order | sit, crawl, walk, run |
| Schema | is a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information |
| “No, Sally, that’s a horse. That is different from our puppy, because he has a short tail and wags and no mane.” Sally incorporated this new information into her existing schema through the process of | accommodation |
| Sally has a dog at home. Sally points at the horse and says, • Sally has a dog at home. One day she is walking with her mom and she sees a horse. “Puppy!” Sally decided the horse was a puppy through the process of | assimilation. |
| Piaget believed that children actively construct their knowledge through their | physical interaction with the world, |
| Vygotsky believed children actively construct their knowledge through | social interaction with teachers, caregivers, and more advanced peers |
| Egocentrism is | the inability to view the world from any perspective other than their own. |
| Three-year-old Joshua is given a glass of water. His mother then decided to pour the water in a larger cup with a lid. Joshua starts complaining that he has less water. He has yet to understand the | theory of conservation |
| An infant is playing with her stuffed animal when she drops it off her high chair. The baby can no longer see the stuffed animal, and she appears to instantly forget about it. this illustrates | object permanence |
| An emotional tie a child develops to his or her caregiver is called | attachment |
| A zookeeper finds that a flock of geese follows her wherever she moves because she is the first object that they saw after hatching. This examples illustrates | imprinting |
| a critical period | is an optimal period of time early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development. If development doesn’t happen during this period, it will never happen normally |
| Harlow’s study of infant rhesus monkeys showed that | surrogate mothers who were soft to the touch but did not provide milk produced the strongest attachment responses. |
| The majority of children growing up under adversity (e.g. abuse, neglect, trauma) | become normal adults |
| • Billy’s parents are extremely strict and expect Billy to obey their rules without exception. Billy’s parents most likely have | authoritarian style of parenting |
| Tom’s parents have hardly any rules, never punish Tom, and give Tom anything he wants. Tom’s parents most likely have a | permissive style of parenting |
| primary sex characteristics | • Body structures that make sexual reproduction possible are |
| e.g. ovaries, testicles | primary sex characteristics |
| secondary sex characteristics | non-reproductive sexual characteristics |
| (e.g. female hips, male body hair) | secondary sex characteristics |
| • According to Kohlberg’s theory of the development of moral reasoning, an individual who is focused on punishment and rewards is in the | preconventional morality stage of moral thinking. |
| • A student has an opportunity to cheat on an exam. He chooses not to, because he doesn’t want to get in trouble for breaking the rules. According to Kohlberg’s theory, this student is at | preconventional morality |
| Another student has the same option. He also chooses not to, but his reason is because he doesn’t want people to judge him and think him as a cheater. He is at the | conventional morality level of Kohlberg’s theory |
| • According to who each stage of life has a psychosocial task, or crisis, that needs resolution. | Erikson |
| • Within the last few years, Mary retired from her job and her husband died at the age of 72. She has been spending a lot of time reflecting on her own life. This would illustrate | Integrity vs. despair psychosocial stage of development. |
Created by:
julshock
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