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Radiation sickness, known as _____, is a serious illness that occurs when the entire body receives a high dose of radiation, usually over a short period of time.
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in order for the total body radiation syndrome to be applicable, radiation exposure must happen under the following conditions
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Chapter 4 Quiz
Essentials of Radiation Biology and Protection 2nd Edition Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Radiation sickness, known as _____, is a serious illness that occurs when the entire body receives a high dose of radiation, usually over a short period of time. | Acute Radiation Syndrome |
| in order for the total body radiation syndrome to be applicable, radiation exposure must happen under the following conditions | An organ must have been exposed acutely, there must be exposure of the total body area, External penetrating sources |
| The lethal dose required to kill 50% of the population in 30 days is the definition of: | LD 50/30 |
| The acute radiation syndrome includes the following: | Bone Marrow Syndrome, Gastrointestinal Syndrome, Centeral Nervous Syndrome |
| Response stages with the acute radiation syndrome include the following: | Prodromal Stage, Latent Stage, Manifest Stage, Recovery Stage |
| For the acute radiation syndrome, in the 100-1,000 R range, death is mostly the result of damage to the: | Hemopoietic |
| For the acute radiation syndrome, in the 600-10,000 R range, death is mostly the result of damage to the: | Grastrointestinal |
| For the acute radiation syndrome, at dose greater than 10,000 R, death is mostly the result of damage to the: | Central Nervous |
| In the _____stage, the person experiences nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. | Prodomal |
| In the _____ stage the person appears to be symptom-free. | latent |
| In the _____ stage, the person becomes noticeably ill and shows signs and symptoms of the specific syndrome reflecting the organ system which is damaged. | manifest |
| The shrinking of tissues or organs due to irradiation is termed: | Atrophy |
| Redness and swelling at the site of radiation exposure is termed: | Inflammation |
| The peeling off of skin caused by irradiation is termed: | Desquamation |
| Abnormal redness of skin due to irradiation is termed: | Erythema |
| The correct order of layers of skin, from outermost to innermost: | Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous |
| The skin erythema dose necessary to affect 50% of the people irradiated is termed: | SED50 |
| The SED50 is estimated to be approximately: | 600 |
| Epilation or alopecia are terms for: | Hair Loss |
| The formation of cataracts caused by radiation is termed: | Radiation Cataractogenesis |
| Radiation induced cataracts follow a threshold, nonlinear dose-response curve with the threshold thought to be approximately: | 200 |
| Radiation induced cataracts have an average latent period of approximately: | 15 |
| Doses as low as _____ have caused observable responses to human gonads. | 10 |
| The reproductive cells of the female are termed: | Oogonia |
| The reproductive cells of the male are termed: | Spermatogonia |
| Depletion of mature sperm in the male due to irradiation is termed: | Maturation depletion |
| An acute dose to male and female gonads of approximately _____ will cause permanent sterility. | 500-600 |
| Regarding the bone marrow cells, what is the correct order from least sensitive to most sensitive? | Megakaryocytes, Myelocytes, Erythroblasts |
| Following radiation exposure to the bone marrow, what are the first cells to be reduced? | Red Blood Cells |
| The main effect on the male gonads is damage to and reduction in the number of the: | Spermatogonia |
| The main effect on the female gonads is damage to the: | Mature Follicles |
| It takes a minimum whole-body dose of approximately ____ to cause hematologic depression. | 25 |
| Structural changes to the chromosome that occur after irradiation are termed: | Aberrations, Lesions, Anomalies |
| Radiation-induced chromosomal damage that occurs before DNA synthesis is known as: | Chromosomal Aberration |
| Radiation-induced chromosomal damage that occurs after DNA synthesis is known as: | Chromatid Aberration |
| What is a chromosome map used for cytogenetic analysis of chromosomes? | Karyotype |
| Which acute radiation syndrome has an average survival time that is independent of dose? | Gastrointestional |
| What would be considered an early response to irradiation? | Breast Cancer |
| What are some acute local tissue effects of radiation exposure? | Cataracts |
| Death from a single dose of whole body irradiation primarily involves damage to the: | Bone Marrow |
| What is the principal response of the blood caused by radiation exposure? | Decrease in cell number |
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