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Digest & Circ Lev 1
All the levels 1 terms you need to know for the Digestive & Circulatory Systems
Term | Definition |
---|---|
nutrients | Compounds found in the environment that living organisms need to grow and survive. The 6 types are water, fat, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. |
digestion | A process that breaks down the foods that we eat into molecules small enough to be absorbed (taken in) by cells. It can be mechanical or chemical. |
peristalsis | The squeezing muscle movements that move food through the digestive system. |
chemical digestion | The process of digesting (breaking down) food into small molecules by enzymes. |
mechanical digestion | The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces, by chewing, grinding, mixing. |
absorption | When nutrients are taken into the cells of the body. Happens in the small intestine. |
mouth | The place where mechanical AND chemical digestion begins. Mechanical: teeth cut and chop food. Chemical: enzymes in saliva start to digest starch. |
esophagus | The tube that leads from the mouth to the stomach. |
stomach | The pouch-like muscular organ where food gets mixed with gastric juices and churned into a watery paste. Both mechanical & chemical digestion occur here. |
small intestine | The organ where chemical digestion occurs, followed by absorption of nutrients. This is where food completes the digestive process. |
large intestine | The organ where extra water is removed from the nutrient-free mixture, to be sent back to the body. |
rectum | The organ where feces is stored before being removed from the body through the anus. |
anus | The hole at the end of the rectum where food exits the body. |
feces | The waste material left over after nutrients have been absorbed from food, and the extra water has been absorbed by the large intestine. |
heart | An organ made of cardiac muscle that acts as a pump to move blood around your body. |
blood | The fluid that is pumped through the circulatory system; made of plasma and special cells. |
blood vessel | The tubes that carry blood throughout the body. The 3 types are veins, arteries and capillaries. |
cardiovascular | Another name for the circulatory system. ('cardio' is heart & 'vascular' is tubes) |
4 parts of blood | White blood cells, red blood cells, plasma, platelets |
lungs | Organs that take in oxygen from the air and put it into the bloodstream. |