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Digest & Circ Lev 2

All the levels 2 terms you need to know for the Digestive & Circulatory Systems

TermDefinition
peristalsis The squeezing movements by smooth muscle, all along the digestive tract, that move food through the digestive system.
accessory organs Organs that are necessary for digestion, BUT which food does not pass through. The liver, pancreas, and gall bladder are all examples. Also know as helper organs.
pancreas The accessory organ that produces enzymes for use in the small intestine.
liver The accessory organ that produces bile (an enzyme) for use in the small intestine.
gall bladder The accessory organ that stores bile (an enzyme), for use in the small intestine.
hydrochloric acid A strong acid found in te stomach that helps kill bacteria and break down food.
enzyme A chemical that speeds up chemical reactions in the body, and helps break down food.
chyme The watery mixture of food and gastric juices in the stomach.
constipation Condition when too much water is absorbed from chyme in large intestine; hard feces.
diarrhea Condition when too little water is removed from chyme in large intestine; watery feces.
villi Tiny finger-like projections on the walls of the small intestine, full of capillaries, where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream.
epiglottis The small flap at the top of the esophagus that stops food from going down the trachea (windpipe).
cardiac muscle The type of muscle that makes up the heart. It never stops contracting!
white blood cell Cells in blood that fight bacteria, viruses and other germs by destroying and 'eating' them.
red blood cell Cells in blood that carry oxygen around the body, with the help of hemoglobin.
plasma The liquid part of blood (mostly made up of water) that carries everything else.
platelets Irregularly shaped blood cells that help blood to clot where there is a cut or injury. They stick together and dry up to form a scab.
capillaries The smallest of the 3 types of blood vessels. Their walls are one cell thick - so that nutrients, gases, cell wastes, etc. can move in and out of the blood - to and from cells in the body.
ventricle The name of the 2 bottom chambers of the heart.
atrium The name of the 2 top chambers of the heart.
oxygen A gas needed by our cells for respiration, which is carried by red blood cells.
bone marrow The jelly-like substance in the middle of bones, where blood cells are made.
lungs Organs that take in oxygen from the air, so it can be carried by red blood cells around the body.
Created by: rhk9
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