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amber safelight can only be used with
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Film Processing
H B Film Processing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| red safelight can be used with | blue and green |
| amber safelight can only be used with | blue |
| CA wants you to use what safelight | red |
| any combination of mA and time to get the same mAs | reciprocity law |
| Films sensitive to Green Light | orthochromatic |
| films are most sensitive to | green and blue light |
| Removes white areas of the film and allows it to have an archival quality to keep for years | fixing |
| PROCESSING STEPS | wetting, developing, fixing, wash and drying |
| changes the silver ions of the exposed crystals to metallic silver | developing |
| developing agent | reducing agent |
| causes the emulsion to swell so chemicals in the baths can reach all parts of the emulsion | wetting |
| The latent image is converted to the manifest image | developing |
| does not allow unexposed silver halide crystals to be reduced to metallic silver --- fog | restrainer |
| preservative – to prevent oxidation of the developer | sodium sulfite |
| Hardener present in the developing solution | glutaraldehyde |
| prevent unexposed silver halide crystals from being developed | Restrainers |
| Principle component of developer | hydroquinone |
| migrates through the gelatin and is released from the film | bromide |
| contains alkali agents | developer |
| what chemicals are in the buffer solution | sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide |
| its purpose is to remove unexposed and undeveloped silver halide crystals from the emulsion | hypo or thiosulfate |
| The clearing agent is known as | hypo or thiosulfate |
| One of the most common clearing agents used is | ammonium thiosulfate |
| neutralizes the pH of the emulsion and stops the development process | activator |
| stops the development process | The fixer |
| Hyporetention is prevented by | adequate washing |
| Retention of the fixer on the film will cause the film to have a | yellow-brown appearance |
| Warm air is blown over both surfaces of the film | DRYING |
| TYPES OF FILM | screen and direct exposure |
| film used with radiographic screens | Screen film |
| non-screen film | Direct exposure film |
| X-ray film is sensitive to | white light and x-ray radiation |
| radiation and white light can cuase | fog |
| film must be kept in a | light tight container |
| X-ray film is sensitive to both | heat and humidity |
| heat and humidity can cause increase | fog |
| have a transport system consisting of multiple rollers in racks | Automatic processors |
| If there is dirt on the roller it will mark the film | every 3.14 inches |
| artifacts on the film due to dirt on the roller | Pi Lines |
| The rollers are driven by | chains, gears, or belts |
| rollers sizes are usually | 1” in diameter |
| temperature that under develops film | cold |
| temperature that over develops film | hot |
| Both need to be replenished during processing | Developer and Fixer |
| DIRECT EXPOSURE FILM | Thicker emulsion i |
| film mostly used only by dentristy | direct exposure |
| x-ray film is sensitive to various colors of light | Spectral matching |
| light from screen exposes the adjacent emulsion but can also cross the base and expose the opposite side emulsion, | crossover |
| Crossover leads to | image unsharpness (blur) |
| what affects speed of the film | size and shape of crystal |
| The faster the speed the less | radiation is needed |
| black and white with a few shades of gray | High contrast |
| contains a clearing and hardening agent | fixer |
Created by:
hakrrins
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