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Ap Biology

QuestionAnswer
Archaea One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Bacteria
Bacteria One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Archaea.
bioinformatics Using computing power, software, and mathematical models to process and integrate biological information from large data sets.
biology The scientific study of life.
biosphere The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet’s ecosystems.
cell Life’s fundamental unit of structure and function.
Animalia The kingdom that consists of multicellular eukaryotes that ingest their food.
community All the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction.
controlled experiment An experiment in which an experimental group is compared to a control group that varies only in the factor being tested.
data Recorded observations.
deductive reasoning A type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise.
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell’s proteins.
discovery science The process of scientific inquiry that focuses on describing nature.
ecosystem All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact; a community and its physical environment.
emergent properties New properties that emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases.
Eukarya The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms.
Eukarya The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms.
eukaryotic cell A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are called eukaryotes.
Fungi The eukaryotic kingdom that includes organisms that absorb nutrients after decomposing organic material.
gene A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
genome The complete complement of an organism’s genes; an organism’s genetic material.
hypothesis A tentative answer to a well-framed question.
inductive reasoning A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.
inquiry The search for information and explanation, often focused by specific questions.
model A representation of a theory or process.
molecule Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
natural selection Differential success in the reproduction of different phenotypes resulting from the interaction of organisms with their environment. Evolution occurs when natural selection causes changes in relative frequencies of alleles in the gene pool.
negative feedback A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation.
organ A specialized center of body function composed of several different types of tissues.
organ system A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.
organelle One of several formed bodies with specialized functions, suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
organism An individual living thing.
Plantae The kingdom that consists of multicellular eukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis.
population A localized group of individuals that belong to the same biological species (that are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring).
positive feedback A physiological control mechanism in which a change in some variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change.
prokaryotic cell A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaea) are called prokaryotes.
reductionism Reducing complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study.
system A more complex organization formed from a combination of components.
systems biology An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems.
technology The application of scientific knowledge for a specific purpose.
theory An explanation that is broad in scope, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence.
tissue An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both.
Created by: Defensetackle51
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