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Antigens
Exam 2. Immunology Ch 4. Objectives
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Definition of immunogenicity | Ability of a substance to stimulate an immune response |
| What is a complete antigen? | AKA immunogen. Exhibits immunogenicity |
| Definition of antigenicity | Ability to bind with products of immune response (antibody) but does not stimulate an immune response |
| What type of antigen exhibits antigenicity? | Incomplete antigens |
| Define epitope | antigenic determinants = epitopes. The antigen may have more than 1 type of epitope if there is more than 1 molecule being a part of the cell wall of the bacteria - certain specific molecular sites on large molecules (immunogen/complete Ag) |
| Describe haptens | small molecules that exhibit antigenicity but not immunogenicity (so it is not capable of stimulating antibodies. If antibodies are produced the hapten is able to bind to it) |
| Explain the clinical and research importance of haptens | Abs made to hormones, cAMP, drugs, receptors, and other molecules (ex. ELISA). Drugs/metabolites of drugs or other chemicals attach to proteins of plasma membranes and stimulate humoral or cellular immune responses to structures on self cells (Ex . PCN) |
| What factors are characteristics of a complete antigen (immunogen). (there are 4) | Protein and polysaccharides are better complete Ag than lipids & nucleic acids. Foreignness: Greater immunogenicity if greater phylogenetic distance; molecular weight: more weight = greater the immunogenicity; Chemical composition & complexity |
| What factors other than the chemical nature of the antigen/immunogen that determine whether an immune response will occur, or the degree to which an immune response will occur. (there are 3) | administration of antigen, adjuvant, & genetic makeup of animal |
| How do B cells interact with antigens/immunogens? | B cells recognize the 3-dimensional shape of antigenic determinant and it must fit into the Ag-binding pocket of the BCR |
| How do T cells interact with antigens/immunogens? | T cells recognize processed antigenic peptide associated with MHC I and II by using TCR |
| What antigens are recognized by B cells? | Globular proteins; polysaccharides; lipids. External portions vs internal portions (hydrophilic vs hydrophobic). Sequential and nonsequential amino acids. Small peptides fold to fit into Ag-binding pocket of Ab. Native conformation, not denatured |
| What antigens are recognized by T cells? | Internal portions of molecules. Denatured. Mostly proteins; some lipids and glycolipids attached to CD1 which is similar to classical MHC |
| What structures in/on bacteria can serve as antigens/immunogens? | Bacteria = cell wall (gram negative or positive); mycobacteria; spirochetes. Capsule. Flagella, fimbriae, pili, or exotoxins produced by bacteria |
| What structures in/on viruses can serve as antigens/immunogens? | Viral antigens = animal virses (nucleic acid + protein capsid. Lipoprotein envelope. Virion); antigenic components (Protein or glycoprotein of capsid and envelop; Proteins associated with nucleic acids) |
Created by:
Thommy413
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